5b-in-lab-assignment-emission-spectroscopy
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5b. In-Lab Assignment- Emission Spectroscopy
General Chemistry Laboratory I (University of Pennsylvania)
Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
5b. In-Lab Assignment- Emission Spectroscopy
General Chemistry Laboratory I (University of Pennsylvania)
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Emission Spectroscopy
In-Lab Assignment
Before you leave lab, you will need 4 things (they can be done in any order).
1.
Hydrogen emission data (spectra & calculations)
2.
Nightlight emission data
3.
Spectra for Lithium and Potassium
4.
Spectra for at least two sparklers, but you can do all three
1. Hydrogen Gas Emission
Using the equations below, calculate the theoretical wavelength for the transitions in the
table (copy from the lecture assignment), then measure the experimental values from the
hydrogen tube.
Observations: bright reddish-pink light emitted. Light appears white on edges of the pink
light
Table 1. Theoretical and Experimental Wavelengths for Hydrogen Gas Emission.
Transition
Theoretical Wavelength
(nm)
Experimental
Wavelength (nm)
Relative Deviation
n=3
n=2
→
654.9
651.1
0.59%
n=4
n=2
→
485.1
481.3
0.79%
n=5
n=2
→
433.2
Only 2 peaks available at
time of recording due to
lifespan of tube
FROM THE LAB HANDOUT, for your reference: For hydrogen, the final state is n=2, and the
initial states will be n=3, 4, 5, etc. Note that the change in energy will be negative. This is
simply showing that energy is emitted rather than absorbed, so the absolute value of the
change in energy should be used for the rest of the calculations. We can calculate the change
in energy when an electron is emitted by using the following equation:
Once we know the change in energy, we can use that to predict the wavelength:
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Compare these theoretical values to the ones collected experimentally:
2. Nightlight
NOTE:
Before collecting the 7 colors, identify the wavelengths of the background peaks from
the overhead lights. These wavelengths should be noted in your data, but not added to the
table for the nightlight.
Table 2. Wavelengths for major peaks in the LED nightlight.
Color
Peak 1
Peak 2 (if applicable)
Peak 3 (if applicable)
White
451.6
514.9
631.2
Purple
451.6
629.8
Yellow
514.1
629.8
Teal
451.6
513.3
Red
629.8
Blue
451.6
Green
513.3
Background
541.5
610.6
3. Selected Ion Spectra
Table 3. Observations and Peak Data for Lithium and Potassium Emission Spectra.
Cation
Observations
Major Peaks
Lithium
The flame burned bright
red and then bright
orange
669.7, 773.4
Potassium
The flame burned bright
purple then a deep orange
color
588.5, 770.1
4. Sparkler Data
For each sparkler that is run, record the 4-5 main or largest peaks that are observed.
Using
the data collected from part 3, as well as the additional data provided in the
separate
logger pro
file, identify 2-3 cations that are present in each sparkler.
Color
Peak 1
Peak
Peak
Peak
Peak
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(nm)
2(nm)
3(nm)
4(nm)
5(nm)
Red
588.5
634.2
658.5
672.0
771.7
(most
intense)
Gold
694.1
771.7
Red: Strontium (matches 1 peak- peak 4), Magnesium (Matches 1 peak – peak 1),
Iron (matches 2 peaks – peak 1 & peak 5)
Gold: Iron (matches 1 peak – peak 2)
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