Experiment 19 Lab Report
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Experiment 19: Qualitative Organic Analysis Unknown 1
Valentina Espinosa Canon
Laboratory Partner: Dagmawit Duresa
Professor Memari
September 26th, 2023
2 Espinosa
Materials and Method.
Refer to Memari, Behnoush. CHM 2211L - Broward College-Central. Available from:
VitalSource Bookshelf, (5th Edition). Macmillan Higher Education, 2023.
Results:
Table 1: Raw Data
TEST
RESULTS
H
2
O
Unknown did not dissolve.
HCl
Unknown did not dissolve, solid at the bottom of the test was visible.
NaOH
Unknown dissolved.
NaOCH
3
Bubbles were observed, and then the solution completely dissolved.
Titration results
Melting point was found between 156-157 degrees Celsius.
1.
Trial #1 & #2 same result
Number of moles of NaOH = (mL of base used) × (1/1000 mL) × (molarity of the base)
Number of moles of NaOH = 17.3 mL × (1/1000 mL) × 0.1 M = 0.00173 moles
Molar mass = (mass of sample in grams) / (number of moles of acid)
Molar mass = (0.225 g) / (0.00173 moles) = 130.06 g/mol
Moles of acid = Moles of NaOH (1:1 stoichiometry) = 0.00173 moles
FW = Mass of acid / Moles of acid
FW = 0.225 g / 0.00173 moles
FW ≈ 130.06 g/mol
Unknown #1 = Salicylic acid
Discussion:
3 Espinosa
The purpose of this experiment was to identify an unknown organic compound, which
could be an aldehyde, ketone, or carboxylic acid. Numerous steps were involved in the
identification process, such as determining the boiling point, performing solubility tests, and
performing classification tests.
In order to identify the unknown compound #1, we first needed to determine its boiling
point. We observed a melting point range of 156-157 degrees Celsius for the unknown.
In order to conduct the solubility study, different solvents and solutions were used to test
the unknown's solubility. According to the results, neither water nor hydrochloric acid dissolved
the unknown. Upon mixing NaOH and NaOCH3 solutions, bubbles appeared and the solution
dissolved completely. A carboxylic acid functional group may be present based on these
observations.
FW was calculated by performing a neutralization equivalent experiment to confirm the
presence of carboxylic acid functional groups. The unknown solution was dissolved in ethanol,
titrated with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide using phenolphthalein as the indicator, and 17.3 mL of
NaOH used were recorded. A titration was performed twice, and an average was used to
calculate the results. According to the calculation, FW is approximately 130.06 grams/mole.
According to the observed melting point range and the FW, salicylic acid was identified as the
unknown.
Conclusion:
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4 Espinosa
In this laboratory experiment, the primary objective was to identify an unknown organic
compound, which could potentially be an aldehyde, ketone, or carboxylic acid. The identification
process involved a systematic series of steps, including the determination of boiling point or
melting point, solubility studies, classification tests, and the final identification with the
assistance preparation of derivatives.
The initial phase of the experiment involved the determination of the unknown's melting
point. For this purpose, a simple distillation apparatus was set up for liquids, and a Mel-Temp
was employed for solids. The melting point was found to be within a range of 156-157 degrees
Celsius.
Subsequently, the solubility of the unknown was assessed in various solvents and
solutions. It was noted that the unknown did not dissolve in water or hydrochloric acid but
dissolved in NaOH and NaOCH3 solutions. Notably, the NaOCH3 solution showed bubbling and
complete dissolution, suggesting the presence of carboxylic acid functional groups.
To verify the presence of carboxylic acid groups and determine the formula weight (FW),
a neutralization equivalent experiment was conducted. The unknown was dissolved in ethanol
and titrated in a standardized 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution using phenolphthalein as an
indicator. This titration was performed twice, and the average values were used for calculations.
The calculated FW of the unknown compound was approximately 130.06 g/mol. Based on this
calculated FW and the observed melting point range, the compound was confidently identified as
salicylic acid.
5 Espinosa
It is important to note that the calculated FW does not exactly match the known FW of
salicylic acid, which is 138.12 g/mol. However, the calculated value is the closest match among
all the possibilities considered in this experiment, and the deviation can be attributed to several
factors, such as impurities in the unknown sample, variations in the accuracy of laboratory
measurements, and experimental conditions. Despite this slight discrepancy, the combination of
the calculated FW and the observed melting point range provided a compelling basis for the
identification of the compound as salicylic acid.
In summary, this experiment underscores the importance of employing a systematic
approach and a combination of analytical techniques to successfully identify unknown organic
compounds in organic chemistry. Through these procedures, the unknown compound was
accurately identified as salicylic acid. This demonstrates the effectiveness of organic compound
identification methods.
6 Espinosa
Bibliography:
Memari, Behnoush. CHM 2211L - Broward College-Central. Available from: VitalSource
Bookshelf, (5th Edition). Macmillan Higher Education, 2023.
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