SCI103_Unit_2_Lab_Report 3

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Name: Sierra Massey Date: 10/13/2023 Instructor’s Name: Justin Dore Assignment: SCI103 Unit 2 Individual Project (Lab Report ( Measuring pH Levels Instructions: Enter the Virtual Lab, and conduct the lab tests. Please record your answers on this Lab Report form. When your Lab Report is complete, submit it to the Submissions area of the Virtual Classroom . The pH Scale: https://youtu.be/Xkrgw2CFwRs Part I - Lab Tests : Answer the following questions while in the virtual lab . Section 1: You will test 4 known solutions for pH levels using a standard wide-range indicator. Based on the results obtained in the virtual lab, fill in the following table : Solution Number pH from Lab Acid, Base, or Neutral ? Solution Name (What was in the test tube (? Solution 1 7 Neutral Pure Water Solution 2 2 Acid Lemon Juice
Solution 3 12 Base Bleach Solution 4 5 Acid Coffee Section 2: Now that you understand how to read pH measurements, follow the virtual lab to gather pH samples from 3 different lakes. Test these in the virtual lab, and answer the following questions : 1. What was the pH level measured at Lake 1? 6 2. What was the pH level measured at Lake 2? 4 3. What was the pH level measured at Lake 3? 5 4. Which two lakes have the highest levels of acidity in their water? Lake 2 and 3 have the highest levels of acidity. Part II – Your Examples : Use the templates below to guide your answers . Look for at least 3 acids and at least 3 bases around your home. Remember that acids have a pH level lower than 7, pH 7 is neutral, and bases have a pH level higher than 7 . Three examples of acids that I found in my home are : 1. Lemon Juice (Citric Acid and Ascorbic Acid) 2. Ketchup (Acetic Acid) 3. Soda (Carbonic Acid) Describe each of the three acids using complete sentences. Some suggestions…what do they contain, what they are used for and why, what are their properties, what is their pH ? 1 . It contains juice from a lemon. It can be used either to enhance the flavor of food or drinks or to clean surfaces. It has a low pH, indicating that it is highly acidic. It has a pH of 2 . 2 . Ketchup contains tomatoes and vinegar which are both acidic. It is used as either a condiment or a cookware cleaner. It can be used as a cleaner because the properties of the acid in the ketchup can break down the discoloration or “burn” on
cookware. Ketchup has a pH of 3.5-3.8 . 3 . Soda contains sugars, CO2, water, sweeteners, phosphoric acid, and possibly citric acid. It can be used as either a cleaner or a drink. The carbonic acid in soda allows the reversion of rust . Describe the common attributes of acids: The common attributes of acids are they have a pH measured at less than 7 and are reactive to metals. Acids can conduct electrical currents when dissolved in water. Acids also have a sour taste. With a chemical reaction, acids can neutralize bases . Three examples of bases that I found in my home are : 1. Baking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate) 2. Bleach 3. Toothpaste Describe each of the three bases using complete sentences. Some suggestions…what do they contain, what they are used for and why, what are their properties, what is their pH ? 1 . Baking soda is Sodium Bicarbonate. Baking soda can be used in addition to an acid to create a chemical reaction (vinegar or lemon juice) utilized to clean surfaces. As a standalone item, it can also be used to clean to break down grease or dirt. Baking soda is also used for baking, assisting in correct texture. It is non- flammable and is a white powder with a pH of 9 . 2 . Bleach is made with multiple chemicals. It is used strictly for cleaning and disinfecting because it is effective in killing viruses, bacteria, and fungus. It is dangerous for it to be ingested. Bleach is soluble in water, smells like chlorine, and is corrosive. According to the lab above, bleach has a pH of 12 . 3 . Toothpaste is made of water, fluoride, and multiple chemicals. Toothpaste has many uses, and the main use is cleaning teeth. It can also be used for cleaning due to the abrasive chemical components. Toothpaste can be a variety of colors and can foam. The pH of toothpaste can range from 7 to 10 . Describe the common attributes of bases: The common attributes of bases are bitter in taste, and when mixed with an acid, they are neutralized. They have a pH greater than 7. Some bases can also conduct electricity when dissolved in water .
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Part III – Short Answers : Answer the following questions in short-answer format (3–5 detailed sentences each .( Look at your data for the three lakes in the virtual lab. Acid rain is impacting two of these three lakes. Answer the questions below to explain how the location of each lake relates to its pH level . 1. What is acid rain? Acid rain is rainwater whose pH is 5.5 or less. Because of the gases in Earth’s atmosphere (sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide or fossil fuels), acid rain happens. When there are more acidic particles in the clouds, acid rain occurs. 2. Which two lakes from the virtual lab are receiving acid rain? The two lakes that are receiving acid rain are lakes 2 and 3. Due to Lake 1 being near a heavily populated city with several car factories, the lake is polluted. The polluted water (including its contaminants) is then evaporated into the atmosphere and reaches the lakes located downwind. Also, it is safe to assume since Lakes 2 & 3 are more acidic than Lake 1 that they are the lakes receiving acid rain. 3. Discuss how the location of each lake (Lake 1, Lake 2, and Lake 3) relates to its pH level. Include some of the impacts of acid rain. Use data from Part 1, including what you observed on the signs for each lake, to justify your points. Both lakes are downwind of Lake #1 Lake 1 has several car factories and is near a heavily populated city. The lake is polluted due to the factories. The pH level is 6. While it has lower acidity than the other two lakes, it still has more pollutants due to the car factories. Lake 2 is in a remote location at a high elevation several miles downwind of Lake #1. Since the lake is downwind (situated or moving in the direction the wind is blowing) Lake #1, the pollutants and remnants of Lake #1 will still reach the water due to acid rain. Since this lake is at a higher elevation, the pH level is 4 because the gases from the air and the air rain are reaching it more quickly than Lake 3. Lake 3 is located within a wildlife preserve, with a pH level of 5. Like Lake 2, the location is downwind but the pH might be lower due to it being a wildlife preserve, which is reserved and managed for conservation of wildlife. Lake 2 will experience more deterioration due to the highest pH level. It can also deteriorate stone and metal, but if there is any aquatic life within the lake, it will most likely die . 4. Imagine that a lake receives acid rain for an extended period of time. The original pH of the lake was 6, but it has now dropped to pH 3. How many times more acidic has this lake become? Watch this resource video for help: https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=Nf8cuvl62Vc The lake has become 1,000 times more acidic. 5. What negative impacts can this amount of acidification have on the environment? The negative impact that this amount of acidification can have on the environment is death to a variety of ecosystems. It ranges from aquatic life to the land. It will also affect the
water supply. It can also cause more acidic rain which can harm animals and destroy vegetation. References Chem Academy. (2015, April 28). The pH scale explained [Video file]. Retrieved from the YouTube Web site: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xkrgw2CFwRs FuseSchool – Global Education. (2014, August 10). Acid rain | Environmental chemistry | Chemistry | FuseSchool [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=Nf8cuvl62Vc

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