3 Decompression sickness (also known as the bends) is a condition that affects divers and others operating under pressurized conditions. It occurs when gases such as nitrogen (N₂) come out of solution in the blood. This can lead to symptoms including joint pain, shortness of breath, and paralysis. Severe cases may result in death. a What type of molecule (ionic, polar covalent, nonpolar covalent) is nitrogen gas? b The liquid medium of blood is water. What type of compound (ionic, polar covalent, nonpolar covalent) is water? c What happens when molecules such as nitrogen gas mix with water? How does this explain the problems we see with decompression sickness?
States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
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