CH223_Ch_1 2 3_Overview (1)

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CH 223 Quantitative Analysis
Who Uses Analytical Chemistry? ALL other areas of physical and natural science and engineering. Prominent uses in: 1) Food safety 2) Forensics investigation 3) Environmental and geological studies 4) Medicine 5) Scientific and biomedical research 6) Industrial and manufacturing processes 7) Evaluation of art and detecting forgeries
Chapter 1 – Overview Analytical Chemistry involves (1) Identification of analytes in a sample - Qualitative Analysis and/or (2) Determination of analyte concentrations - Quantitative Analysis
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Classes of Quantitative Analysis Based on the type of final measurement: (1) Gravimetric Analysis - determination of mass (2) Volumetric Analysis - determination of volume (3) Electrochemistry - measurement of an electrical quantity (4) Spectroscopy/Spectrometry - measurement of light or other particle property (5) Chromatography - Separation followed by (1) - (4)
Steps in a Chemical Analysis (1) Define the Problem - Never perform an analysis without knowing why the data is needed and where the sample came from. Consider: Accuracy/Reliability Time Cost Concentration range of analyte Equipment Sample Origins (Interferences?) Practical Limitations (Space, Training, etc.)
Steps in a Chemical Analysis (2) Choose a Method - The problem dictates the method. (3) Sampling - Must be representative . Often very difficult.
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Steps in a Chemical Analysis (4) Prepare Sample for Analysis - Need a homogeneous sample. Grinding, drying, filtering, etc. (5) Prepare Solutions (If Necessary) - Solvent must dissolve the entire sample, which is not always possible.
Steps in a Chemical Analysis (6) Eliminate Interferences - Isolate (or mask) the analyte from anything that would affect the analysis. May involve chromatography for separations.
Steps in a Chemical Analysis (7) Perform Analytical Measurement - May need to calibrate the instrument. Often the easiest and fastest part of the process.
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Steps in a Chemical Analysis (8) Calculate Results and Evaluate - Use measured values to obtain desired concentrations. Consider stoichiometry, dilution factors, etc. Evaluate the data statistically (Chapters 5-7).
Chapter 2 – Lab Procedures Read it! This chapter will not be covered in lecture. However, you should be referring to this chapter throughout the semester as you work in lab. Chapter 3 – Using Spreadsheets Optional. Not covered in lecture. You won’t have a spreadsheet or computer during exams.

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