Experiment 3

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Barstow Community College *

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20640

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Chemistry

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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pdf

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6

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1 Jade Fuller Experiment #3 Melting Points & Thin Layer Chromatography Introduction: We will practice using the melting point apparatus machine for this lab. We will learn how to use and interpret the apparatus, insert the melting point tube, and identify compounds using it. Additionally, thin layer chromatography will be covered. List of chemicals: 1. Pure Toluene- CAS number: 108-88-3 2. Pure Ethyl Acetate- CAS number: 141-78-6 3. Oxalic Acid- CAS number: 144-62-7 4. Anthracene-CAS number: 120-12-7 5. Aniline- CAS number: 62-53-3 6. Trans-cinnamic Acid- CAS number: 140-10-3 7. Adipic Acid-CAS number: 124-04-9 8. Phthalic Anhydride- CAS number: 85-44-9 Observations: We used three different solutions to submerge the TLC plates during the lab exercise. They were a mixture of ethyl acetate and toluene, pure ethyl acetate, and pure toluene. They were all transparent liquids with very powerful smells. Oxalic Acid, anthracene, and aniline were present on each plate. The only chemical we could see after submerging the TLC plate in the liquids was aniline. Oxalic Acid and anthracene were both transparent, but aniline appeared as a brown tint.
2 Since we lacked a UV, we were unable to view the two clear ones' final positions. for every single liquid. Each time, aniline gravitated toward the same spot. When expanded, the aniline in the ethyl acetate liquid had an oval shape. The aniline was arranged in a little circle with a dark stain in the toluene liquid. The two other liquids were blended to create the aniline in the ethyl acetate and toluene mixture. In the melting point experiment, we had to identify the two unidentified compounds. For unidentified The chemical was a fine, powdered, off-white, glittering substance that took about 20 minutes to begin melting. Unknown B was a dull-looking, pure white, powdered substance. It started to melt after around 40 minutes. Results: The chemical for Unknown A was Trans-cinnamic Acid with a melting point range of 133C-134C. The chemical for Unknown B was Adipic Acid with a melting point range of 156-157C. We also did a mixture of Unknown A and Phthalic Anhydride and we got a melting point range of 133C-134C. Trans-cinnamic acid, with a melting point range of 133C-134C, was the substance used in Unknown A. The substance that made up Unknown B had a melting point range of 156–157C called adipic acid. We also mixed Phthalic Anhydride with Unknown A, and the result had a melting point range of 133–134C. The Observed Melting Point Range: Unknown Range Name Unknown A 133C-134C Trans-cinnamic Acid Unknown B 156C-157C Adipic Acid Unknown C 133 C-134C Trans-cinnamic Acid Phthalic In the lab, for TLC, we used two pure compounds. They were ethyl acetate and toluene.
3 Two pure chemicals were employed in the lab for TLC. They were toluene and ethyl acetate.The third had a blend of toluene and ethyl acetate. Toluene was a polar molecule while ethyl acetate was non-polar. We only had the Rf value for the three different solutions since aniline was the only one that we could see without a UV. The Rf value for toluene alone was 0.6885 cm. The Rf value for ethyl acetate was 0.8166 cm. The Rf value for the toluene and ethyl acetate mixture was 0.7372 cm. Since aniline is a polar molecule, the optimum solvent for this experiment is a toluene solution. The polar compounds climb the plate slowly while the nonpolar compounds accelerate their ascent with high Rf values. The fact that they traveled a great distance quickly indicates that the solvents were nonpolar because of how far they traveled. You would alter the solvent's polarity in order to shorten the spots' path. Conclusion: We were able to demonstrate in the melting point lab that the Unknown compounds' melting points were accurate. Trans-cinnamic acid was Unknown A, and Unknown B was Adipic Acid. The only chemical we could see in the Thin Layer Chromatography lab was Aniline. Each plate's Aniline was collected in the same spot and had elevated Rf values.
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