Lab 7 Group Report

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University of New Hampshire *

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CHEM-403

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Chemistry

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Feb 20, 2024

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Thermochemistry Group Report Include your name and your lab partner’s name and submit the same file to both partners’ Canvas accounts if and only if both of you collaborated on this report. Jonas Smith and Matthew Foley Do not modify or remove the question text. Do not use bold font in your answers. Do not use red text in your answers. Part I 1. Insert your graph of D T vs. mass for all masses of the three salts (your graph should include three sets of data – one for each salt). Remember to follow the Graphing Specifications document. 2. What relationship do you see between the quantity of heat generated/absorbed and the amount of salt dissolved?
The heat generated/absorbed increased and decreased relative the the amount of salt (the more material the more heat released or taken in) up to a cap that seemed relative to the solute. 3. As more and more salt is added, the solution will eventually become saturated and unable to dissolve any more salt. Explain how this would affect the heat released or absorbed with the addition of more salt. The heat released or absorbed will level off because of the salt no being dissolved. The dissolution creates the reaction so when no more salt can be dissolved, there will be no more heat change. 4. How would the shape of the graph be affected by this phenomenon? The graph will eventually plateau, leaving a flat space at the maximum/minimum of the graph. 5. Do you see evidence in your data that any of the salts were saturated? Yes. In the graphs and data shown there was plateaus where the heat remained consistent. This was visually seen when the temperature measurements stopped increasing with solute still remaining in the cup. Part II Section A 6. Did pulling apart the magnets release energy or consume energy? Consumes the mechanical energy of pulling apart the magnets. 7. Does breaking a chemical bond release energy or consume energy? Breaking a chemical bond releases energy. 8. Did the impact between the two steel balls release energy or consume energy? Released energy as evidenced from the burning. 9. Does forming a chemical bond from separate atoms release energy or consume energy? Dependent on the atoms themselves. Fusion and separation can generate energy (Solar Fusion) or take it in (When the temperature decreases.). Part II Section B Refer to Appendix D: Coffee-Cup
10. Submit a typed copy of the Data Sheet for Section B. Calcium Chloride: Goal Mass (g) Actual Mass (g) T, initial ( ) T final ( ) Change in T ( ) 0.000 0.0 19.9 19.9 0.0 2.500 2.5 20.9 28.2 7.3 5.000 5.0 20.3 30.9 10.6 10.000 10.1 20.7 42.0 21.3 15.000 15.0 20.1 51.2 31.1 20.000 20.0 21.9 57.9 36.0 Ammonium chloride: Goal Mass (g) Actual Mass (g) T, initial ( ) T final ( ) Change in T ( ) 0 0 19.9 19.9 0.0 2.500 2.5 19.7 17.8 -1.9 5.000 5.0 20.7 15.2 -5.5 10.000 10.0 21.7 18.2 -3.3 15 15.0 20.2 18.2 -2.0 20 20.0 20.6 3.4 -16.9 Sodium Chloride: Goal Mass (g) Actual Mass (g) T, initial ( ) T final ( ) Change in T ( ) 0.000 0.0 19.9 19.9 0.0 2.500 2.5 19.5 18.9 -0.6 5.000 5.0 19.5 18.5 -1.0 10.000 10.0 19.1 17.9 -1.2 15.000 15.0 18.8 17.4 -1.4 20.000 20.0 21.4 20.9 -0.5 11. Calculate the heat absorbed by the water (in J) during the heat of combustion of methanol experiment. Show your work. 27 C x 4.186 (specific heat) x 195.832 (grams of water) = 22122.749 joules
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12. Calculate total heat absorbed by the flask. Use 0.858 J/gºC for the specific heat of Pyrex glass instead of the value of polystyrene mentioned in Appendix D. Assume D T for the flask is the same as for the water. Q = mcΔT Q = (121.605) x (0.858) x (27.0) Q = 2817.1014 J 13. Calculate the heat of combustion (in units of joules per gram): (-22122.749 + 2817.101) / 3.33 = -5797.491 j/g