Lab #4

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Florida International University *

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2049L

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Chemistry

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by juanespitiap

Lab #_4__ Lab partner- 1: __Carol Reigosa__ID: ____6248100______ Lab partner-2: __Hannah Contreras___ID: __6259862___ Title: __Newton’s First and Third Laws___ Part 1: Preliminary Question Answers: 1. When a bug splatters on your windshield while driving down the highway, the forces involved are equal and opposite according to Newton's third law of motion. The force of the bug on the windshield is equal to the force of the windshield on the bug. 2. Now, regarding the rubber band scenario: When you pull with your left hand, your right hand does experience a force. The rubber band exerts an equal and opposite force on both hands, following Newton's third law. Your right hand applies force to the rubber band, and the direction of this force is opposite to the force applied by your left hand. 3. If you pull harder with your left hand, the force applied by the right hand also increases. Both hands experience the same magnitude of force, and the direction remains opposite. 4. The force applied by your left hand, transmitted by the rubber band, is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force applied by your right hand. This relationship can be expressed as:

The force exerted by one hand on the rubber band is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the force exerted by the other hand. Analysis: 1. Examine the two data runs. What can you conclude about the two forces (your pull on your partner and your partner's pulls on you)? How are the magnitudes related? How are the signs related? The data runs help in understanding the relationship between the forces. The magnitudes of the forces should be equal but opposite in direction, as per Newton's third law. If you pulled with a force of, say, 5 N, your partner's force should be -5 N. The signs are opposite to indicate the direction of the forces – one is a pulling force, while the other is a resisting force. 2. How does the rubber band change the results, or does it change them at all? The rubber band may introduce some elasticity and damping compared to a string, affecting the results. The force applied might not be directly transmitted due to the stretching and potential energy stored in the rubber band. This could lead to differences in the observed forces and response times. 3. When you and your partner are pulling on each other's Force sensors, do your Force sensors have the same positive direction? What impact does your answer have on the analysis of the force pair? The Force sensors may not have the same positive direction if they are set up differently. This does not impact the analysis of the force pair as long as the signs are considered. The crucial

aspect is that the forces are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction, following Newton's third law. 4. Is there any way to pull on your partner's force sensor without your partner's force sensor pulling back? Try it. According to Newton's third law, it is impossible to pull on your partner's force sensor without experiencing an equal and opposite force from your partner's sensor. Any attempt to pull will result in a reaction force. 5. Reread the statement of the third law given at the beginning of this activity. The phrase equal and opposite must be interpreted carefully since for two vectors to be equal and opposite then we must have Vector A equal vector B equal to zero; that is, both forces are always zero. What is really meant by equal and opposite? Restate Newton's third law in your own words, not using the words action, reaction, or equal and opposite. Equal and opposite mean that the forces exerted by two objects on each other are of the same magnitude but act in opposite directions. In other words, when object A exerts a force on object B, the force exerted by object B on object A is equal in strength but acts in the opposite direction. Part 2: Preliminary questions: 1. Stating that no forces act on a body implies a complete absence of forces, while saying the net force is zero means that individual forces may exist but cancel each other out, resulting in no overall acceleration.

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2. I would explain that, according to Newton's First Law, an object in motion persists at a constant velocity in the absence of a net force. Inertia allows the object to maintain its state of motion, and a net force is only needed to change its velocity, not to keep it constant. Analysis: 1. 2. Table 1:  100 g: X-component = 0.98 N, Y-component = 0 N.  200 g: X-component = 0 N, Y-component = -1.96 N.  230 g: X-component = -1.023 N, Y-component = 2.008 N. Table 2:  100 g: X-component = 0.98 N, Y-component = 0 N.  150 g: X-component = 0.735 N, Y-component = 1.273 N.

 120 g: X-component = -0.963 N, Y-component = 0.6745 N.  215 g: Incomplete data. Table 3:  200 g: X-component = 1.96 N, Y-component = 0 N.  150 g: X-component = -1.464 N, Y-component = 0.128 N.  100 g: X-component = -0.8652 N, Y-component = -0.46 N.  450 g: X-component = 0.346 N, Y-component = 0.346 N. 3. Table 1: Net X = -0.043 N, Net Y = 0.048 N. Table 2: Net X = -0.037, Net Y = 0. Table 3: Net X = -0.0232 N, Net Y = 0.014 N. 4. The net forces in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3 are very close to zero in both X and Y directions. This alignment with zero net force supports Newton's First Law, which states that an object remains in a state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force. Any discrepancies could be attributed to experimental uncertainties, measurement errors, or slight imprecisions in the setup. 5. The close-to-zero net forces in both X and Y directions suggest that the choice of coordinate system did not significantly impact the results. If a different orientation

had been chosen, the magnitude of the net forces might differ, but the overall conclusion—that the system is in equilibrium—would likely remain the same. Choosing a different orientation might affect numerical values but should not alter the qualitative assessment of forces balancing out.

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