CH.6 TEST

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Louisiana State University *

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Chemistry

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Feb 20, 2024

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CH.6 TEST 1. Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles when: a. excessive fat is present in the blood. b. vigorous muscular activity has just ended. c. excessive glucose is present in the blood. d. excessive cholesterol is present in the blood. c. excessive glucose is present in the blood 2. Surplus dietary carbohydrate is first stored as: a. glycogen. b. protein. c. fat. d. triglycerides. a. glycogen 3. When carbohydrate consumption exceeds body needs, the excess glucose is: a. not absorbed from the small intestine. b. excreted in the feces. c. stored as glucose. d. stored as glycogen only. e. stored as glycogen and fat. e. stored as glycogen and fat 4. Alcohol contributes to obesity because it: a. diminishes the body's use of fat for fuel. b. has as many kcalories as fat. c. increases appetite. d. encourages storage of body protein. a. diminishes the body's use of fat for fueL 5. Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of alcohol on body weight? a. Alcohol yields no energy so it does not affect body weight. b. Alcohol is low in kcalories and has very little effect on body weight. c. Alcohol slows down the body's use of fat, causing more fat to be stored. d. Alcohol speeds up the body's metabolism and discourages the storage of body fat. c. Alcohol slows down the body's use of fat, causing more fat to be stored. 6. Of all the nutrients, which is the easiest for the body to store as fat? a. protein b. carbohydrates c. fat d. vitamins c. fat 7. When protein consumption exceeds body needs and energy needs are met, the excess amino acids are metabolized and: a. stored as fat. b. excreted in the feces.

c. stored as amino acids. d. stored as glycogen and fat. a. stored as fat 8. Energy is stored in the body for future use as: a. triglycerides. b. glycerol. c. fatty acids. d. lecithin. a. triglycerides 9. Within a day of beginning a fast, most of the body's stores of _____ are depleted. a. glycogen b. amino acids c. fatty acids d. glycerol a. glycogen 10. In the first few days of a fast, _____% of needed glucose is supplied by protein breakdown. a. 50 b. 75 c. 90 d. 100 c. 90 11. The part of a triglyceride that can be made into glucose is: a. the saturated fatty acids. b. the medium-chain fatty acids. c. the unsaturated fatty acids. d. the long-chain fatty acids. e. the glycerol backbone. e. the glycerol backbone 12. In the first few days of fasting, body protein is used primarily to: a. rebuild tissue. b. replace worn out cells. c. provide glucose. d. stabilize fluid balance. c. provide glucose 13. Which of the following are acidic, water-soluble compounds formed from the incomplete breakdown of fat when carbohydrate is not available? a. amino acids b. pyruvate molecules c. carbon dioxide d. ketone bodies e. ammonia and urea d. ketone bodies

14. As the body shifts to partial dependence on ketones for energy during prolonged fasting: a. the body increases its energy output. b. the body conserves its lean tissue. c. the body increases its metabolism. d. the body's loss of lean tissue increases. b. the body conserves its lean tissue 15. Changes that take place in the body during fasting include all of the following except: a. wasting of lean tissue. b. disturbances of fluid and electrolyte balance. c. impairment of disease resistance. d. increased body temperature. d. increased body temperature 16. Fasting results in: a. degradation of lean body tissue. b. safe, quick, and easy loss of fat tissue. c. immediate loss of energy and mental alertness. d. cleansing of toxins from the body. a. degradation of lean body tissue 17. The amount of fat a person's body stores when excess food is consumed: a. is directly proportional to weight. b. is not influenced by GI functioning. c. always equals 1 pound per 3500 kcal. d. varies widely among individuals. d . varies widely among individuals 18. BMR is lowest during: a. pregnancy. b. physical activity. c. sleep d. sedentary activity. c. sleep 19. The energy needed to maintain life when a person is at complete digestive, physical, and emotional rest is termed: a. basal metabolism. b. the kcalorie. c. physiological fuel value. d. the Estimated Energy Requirement. a. basal metabolism 20. Basal metabolic rate is lowered by: a. loss of lean body mass. b. stress or fever. c. high thyroid gland activity. d. an increase in lean body mass. a. loss of lean body mass

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21. Which of the following individuals would have the lowest basal metabolic rate? a. a pregnant woman b. a tall, thin person c. a malnourished person d. a person with a fever c. a malnourished person 22. Which of the following individuals would have the slowest basal metabolic rate? a. a 51-year- old male b. a 20-year- old inactive woman c. a 25-year- old pregnant woman d. a 3-year- old child b. a 20-year- old inactive woman 23. An individual can most easily alter his/her energy output by altering: a. the time of day he/she exercises. b. the intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise. c. his/her eating patterns. d. the combination of foods eaten at a meal. b. the intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise 24. The thermic effect of food represents about _____% of the total food energy taken in. a. 4 b. 10 c. 16 d. 25 b. 10 25. Men generally have a higher BMR than women do because: a. women have less lean body mass. b. women tend to eat less. c. men tend to eat more. d. men have less lean body mass. a. women have less lean body mass 26. Which of the following statements is false? a. BMR is measured after a 12-hour fast. b. RMR is higher than BMR. c. RMR represents only that energy needed for life-sustaining processes. d. BMR is increased during growth. c. RMR represents only that energy needed for life-sustaining processes 27. The basal metabolic rate slows with increasing age because: a. the elderly are malnourished. b. fat mass in the body decreases. c. digestive efficiency declines. d. lean body mass diminishes. d. lean body mass diminishes 28. Which of the following is not a factor in the variability of energy needs between individuals? a. Gender

b. age c. physical activity d. food preferences d. food preferences 29. What body component has the greatest variability in quantity and quality? a. bone mass b. muscle mass c. fluid d. fat mass d. fat mass 30. Which of the following individuals would be classified as being very active? a. a carpenter b. a teacher c. a football player d. a gardener c. a football player 31. Given that EER for women = [354 - (6.91 age)] + PA [(9.36 wt) + (726 ht)], estimate the energy requirements for Anne, an active 27 year old (PA = 1.27) who is 5 feet 4 inches tall and weighs 130 pounds. a. 1700-1800 b. 2300-2400 c. 2600-2700 d. 3200-3300 b. 2300-2400 32. When calculating a person's EER, which of the following is not required? a. height b. percent body fat c. weight d. gender b. percent body fat 33. Calculate the BMI of a male who is 5'11" tall and weighs 210 pounds. a. 23 b. 27 c. 29 d. 33 c. 29 34. According to BMI criteria, a person with a BMI of 24 would be considered: a. underweight. b. overweight. c. obese. d. normal weight. d. normal weight. 35. A weakness in using BMI to assess body weight is:

a. it doesn't distinguish between male and female. b. it doesn't distinguish between young and old. c. it doesn't indicate where excess fat is located on the body. d. it doesn't indicate the ideal weight for a given height. c. it doesn't indicate where excess fat is located on the body 36. Which type of fat poses the greatest risk to health? a. visceral fat b. dietary fat c. subcutaneous fat d. lower body fat a. visceral fat 37. The health risk associated with central obesity has to do with: a. an imbalance in adopokines. b. the proximity of the excess fat to the gallbladder. c. an imbalance in cytokines. d. the proximity of excess fat to the small intestine. a. an imbalance in adopokines 38. A good indicator of fat distribution on an individual is: a. BMI. b. body weight. c. hip circumference. d. waist circumference. d. waist circumference 39. Which of the following people would be at lowest risk for the accumulation of abdominal fat? a. a smoker b. a postmenopausal woman c. a middle-aged man d. a premenopausal woman d. a premenopausal woman 40. The recommended range of body fat for a woman is: a. 13 to 21%. b. 15 to 23%. c. 23 to 31%. d. 27 to 35%. c. 23 to 31% 41. A lack of body fat can result in: a. infertility in women. b. depression. c. abnormal hunger regulation. d. insomnia. a. infertility in women 42. About _____% of U.S. adults are overweight or obese. a. 33 b. 42

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c. 57 d. 68 d. 68 43. Obesity is officially defined as a BMI of ____ or higher. a. 25 b. 30 c. 35 d. 40 b. 30 44. All of the following are health risks associated with obesity except: a. hypertension. b. diabetes. c. sleep apnea. d. tuberculosis. d. tuberculosis. 45. Which person is at the greatest health risk? a. a 27-year- old woman with a waist circumference of 40 inches b. a 25-year- old athlete with a BMI of 33 c. a 50-year- old male with a BMI of 29 who works out every day d. a 42-year- old woman with a waist circumference of 34 inches a. a 27-year- old woman with a waist circumference of 40 inches 46. Which of the following is not one of the three indicators established by obesity experts for evaluating health risks from overweight and obesity? a. a person's disease risk profile b. BMI c. waist circumference d. diet history d. diet history 47. Which of the following statements is true regarding fad diets? a. They are based on credible scientific research. b. The FDA requires proof that they work and are safe. c. They usually offer distorted bits of legitimate research, which makes them sound feasible. d. Scientists have overlooked the obvious facts and a lay person has figured out the key to successful weight loss. c. They usually offer distorted bits of legitimate research, which makes them sound feasible 48. Quite simply, the key to weight loss is: a. combining foods correctly at meals. b. not eating desserts. c. eating less carbohydrate. d. consuming fewer kcalories. d. consuming fewer kcalories 49. Despite claims that each new fad diet is different and offers a new approach to weight loss, most fad diets

a. cut kcalories. b. eliminate animal foods. c. encourage skipping meals. d. are individualized. a. cut kcalories 50. Which of these popular diets comes closest to meeting dietary standards for health? a. Cinch! b. Atkins Diet c. Zone Diet d. Dukan Diet a. Cinch 51. The major drawback of most fad diets is: a. They promote false information about weight loss. b. They do not create lifestyle changes to support long-term weight control. c. They create false hopes among those who try them. d. They usually require the purchase of dietary supplements. b. They do not create lifestyle changes to support long-term weight control 52. A safe and effective weight-loss plan: a. promotes a 10-lb loss in 5 days. b. includes kcal restriction and exercise. c. provides a list of supplements needed. d. emphasizes a few specific foods. b. includes kcal restriction and exercise 53. Fat can be made from an excess of any energy-yielding nutrient. True 54. In the body, no metabolic difference exists between fasting and starving. True 55. Ketones can meet some of the nervous system's energy needs. True 56. Normally, the nervous system consumes more than 50% of the total glucose used each day. True 57. The body's adaptations to fasting are sufficient to maintain life for a long period. True 58. Basal metabolic needs are large compared to energy needs for activities. True 59. Voluntary activities normally require less energy in a day than basal metabolism does. True 60. People can change their voluntary actions to spend more or less energy in a day, but they cannot change their basal metabolic rate. False 61. A smoker may weigh less than a non-smoker, but will likely have more visceral fat. True 62. Skinfold measurements provide an inaccurate estimate of total body fat. False

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CH.6 TEST

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