Ashley Hensley_05_Enthalpy_PostLab_Spr24

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Arizona State University, Tempe *

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Chemistry

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Feb 20, 2024

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Enthalpy and Specific Heat Ashley Hensley 02/03/2024 TOTAL: 20 points
Insert Name Enthalpy and Specific Heat Page 2 of 8 CHM 113 POST-LAB Enthalpy and Specific Heat 1. Insert ONE picture of yourself in full PPE here ( include the Styrofoam cup ). **Remember to (1) show your full body so that we see you are wearing shoes; (2) wear your safety glasses and gloves; (3) cover your lower legs (socks are required, even in Arizona); (4) tie back long hair in a ponytail or a bun; (5) remove jewelry. 2. Complete Table 1 with your experimental data for the masses of the water and the unknown metal strip in Part 1 . Table 1: Mass Data Mass (g) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Water 49.7 g 49.7 g 49.7 g Metal Strip 7.9 g 7.9 g 7.9 g
Insert Name Enthalpy and Specific Heat Page 3 of 8 3. Complete Table 2 with your experimental data for the temperature changes for the water in your calorimeter in Part 1 , and calculate the temperature change (ΔT) for each trial. Show your work for calculating ΔT below the table and include units. ∆𝑻 = 𝑻 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 − 𝑻 𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 Table 2: Specific Heat Data Time (minutes) Calorimeter Water Temperature (°C) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Initial 28.3 C 28.5 C 28.4 C 1 minute 29.3 C 29.6 C 29.5 C 2 minutes 29.2 C 29.2 C 29.3 C 3 minutes 29.1 C 29.1 C 29.1 C 4 minutes 28.9 C 28.9 C 28.9 C 5 minutes 28.7 C 28.8 C 28.7 C Δ T water 0.4 C 0.3 C 0.3 C Calculations of ΔT water Trial 1: 28.7 C 28.3 C = 0.4 C Trial 2: 28.8 C 28.5 C = 0.3 C Trial 3: 28.7 C 28.4 C = 0.3 C
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Insert Name Enthalpy and Specific Heat Page 4 of 8 4. Answer the following: Hint: Refer to the equations in the Introduction segment of the Procedure document. a. Calculate ΔT metal for each of the three trials. Show your work and include units: Hint: Table 2 shows the ΔT for the water. For the ΔT of your metal, consider the initial temperature of the metal (Part 1, Step 10 in Procedure) as well as the final temperature once the calorimeter contents reached thermal equilibrium. Calculations of ΔT metal Trial 1: 28.7 C 95.6 C = -66.9 C Trial 2: 28.8 C 95.9 C = -67.1 C Trial 3: 28.7 C 95.8 C = -67.1 C b. Calculate the amount of heat absorbed by the water ( q water ) in each trial. Show your work and include units. Calculations of heat absorbed by water ( q water ) Trial 1: 49.7 g H2O * 4.186 J/g H2O * 0.4 C = 520.11 J Trial 2: 49.7 g H2O * 4.186 J/g H2O * 0.3 C = 693.48 J Trial 3: 49.7 g H2O * 4.186 J/g H2O *0.3 C = 693.48 J c. Determine the amount of heat released by the unknown metal ( q metal ) in each trial. Show your work/logic. Heat released by metal ( q metal ) Trial 1: q( metal ) = -q( water ) = -520.11J Trial 2: q( metal ) = -q( water ) = -693.48 J Trial 3: q( metal ) = -q( water ) = -693.48 J
Insert Name Enthalpy and Specific Heat Page 5 of 8 d. Calculate the specific heat ( c or c sp ) of the unknown metal for each trial. Show your work and include units. Calculations of Specific Heat Trial 1: -520.11J/-66.9C/7.9g = 0.98 J/g C Trial 2: -693.48J/-67.1C/7.9g = 1.31 J/g C Trial 3: -693.48J/-67.1C/7.9g = 1.31J/g C e. What is the average specific heat for all three trials? Show your work and include units. 5. Putting it all together! a. Using the table of Specific Heat Capacities in the Pre-Lab Introductory Information Handout, compare the average specific heat capacity you calculated in Question 4 to the values in the table to determine the identity of the unknown metal. Explain, in 2 3 sentences, how you know. Unknown metal _________Magnesium______________ Using the average specific heat 1.2J/g C that I calculated and comparing it to the chart given in the prelab, the closest substance is 1.017 J/g C which is magnesium. My specific heat calculations are not 100% though, however that could be due to the first trial s temperature change being different that the last two. This is just a close approximation because there are no other metals close to my calculated specific heat. b. If you repeated this experiment with a strip of silver with the same mass as the strip of metal you used in this experiment, would the water in the calorimeter heat up to a higher or lower temperature using silver than it did for your experimental metal? Explain, in 2 3 sentences, your reasoning. Hint: Compare the specific heat value of Ag(silver) with that of your experimental metal. Silver has a specific heat of 0.240, which is much lower than magnesium. It would take less heat to raise the temperature of silver, so it would absorb more heat in the boiling pot of water. When transferring into the calorimeter, it would most likely release a lot more heat/energy. Since to create an equilibrium, the silver would need to release more heat, so the temperature in the calorimeter would be higher. Average Specific Heat: 0.98+1.31+1.31 = 3.6 3.6/3 = 1.2 Average = 1.2J/g C
Insert Name Enthalpy and Specific Heat Page 6 of 8 6. Complete Combined Table 3 & 4 with your experimental data for the cold pack and hand warmer experiments ( Part 2 ) below. Highlight (in yellow) the minimum temperature for the cold pack and the maximum temperature for the hand warmer . Tables 3 & 4 Cold Pack Hand Warmer Time (sec) Temperature ( ° C) Temperature ( ° C) Initial 23.3 C 23.9 C 30 9.0 C 31.5 C 60 7.2 C 37.2 C 90 3.4 C 46.4 C 120 1.6 C 54.3 C 150 0.8 C 61.8 C 180 0.0 C 66.6 C 210 0.0 C 69.4 C 240 0.1 C 70.3 C 270 0.2 C 72.4 C 300 0.2 C 72.5 C 330 0.3 C 72.1 C 360 0.3 C 71.6 C 390 0.4 C 71.5 C 420 0.5C 71.3 C 450 0.5C 71.0 C
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Insert Name Enthalpy and Specific Heat Page 7 of 8 7. Plot your data from Tables 3 and 4 (TWO data sets from Question 6) on one x-y scatter plot using a graphing program. Your graph should show the temperature as a function of time for TWO sets of data on ONE graph. You will not receive credit if you draw your graph by hand. Excel or Google Sheets are good choices that you can learn how to use quickly if you don’t already have a favorite graphing program. On your graph, the x-axis should be the time (in seconds) , and the y-axis should be the temperature (in °C) at that time. Make sure to label the axes including the units in parentheses but REMOVE the chart title and any default legend put in by the graphing software. Also remove grid lines and labels on individual data points. In the figure legend (text below the graph), explain the data in your graph. Be sure to use different symbols (and make them different colors) for the two data sets and mark the maximum (hand warmer) and minimum (cold pack) temperatures with an asterisk. Explain the symbols in the figure legend. Do NOT include a trendline or connect the data points. See other general tips for making graphs in the How to Make a Graph in Excel document located in the Introductory Materials for this lab.
Insert Name Enthalpy and Specific Heat Page 8 of 8 8. Putting it all together! Consider the temperature changes experienced by the cold pack and the hand warmer and answer the questions below. a. What was the overall ΔT (change in temperature) for the cold pack? Show your work and include units. Note: Remember that ΔT = T f - T i 0.05 C 23.3 C = -22.8 C b. What was the overall ΔT (change in temperature) for the hot pack? Show your work and include units. Note: Remember that ΔT = T f - T i 71.0 C 23.9 C = 47.1 C c. Which one worked via an endothermic process? Via an exothermic process? Explain in 2 3 sentences. Endothermic: The Cold Pack is endothermic because it removes heat from the surrounding area by absorbing energy. Exothermic: The Hand Warmer is exothermic because it gives off heat to the surrounding area by releasing energy. d. Which pack had the greatest change in enthalpy? Explain, in 2 3 sentences, how you know using your experimental data. The hand warmer had the greatest change in enthalpy because the change in temperature difference is greater than the cold pack. It also takes more energy to release heat than it does to absorb heat. During the experiment process, the iron in the hand warmer as I was activating it over time started to give off a stream of steam , which means during the ion oxidation process a solid was going to a gaseous state, which takes a lot of energy. To compare the cold pack went from solid and added water to be in an aqueous state, which does not need as much energy.