1405 Lab Sim 02 Properties of Matter

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Chemistry

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Feb 20, 2024

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Name: _______James Carpenter_______________________________________________________________________ 1405 Lab Sim 02: Properties of Matter Directions: Complete the simulations at the following link: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/states- of-matter/latest/states-of-matter_en.html Section 1: Click on the “States” Box. Fill out the table below, recording the temperatures at each state. Be sure to record the number and the unit. You may use Celsius or Kelvin temperature. Lab Data Table (24 points) Atom or Molecule Solid Temperature (melting point) Liquid Temperature (min-max temp) Gas Temperature (boiling point) Neon 14k -246 c 56k Argon 43K 86K 189K Oxygen 27k 57K 113K Water 146K 286K 430K Analysis Questions for the lab. Answer all questions in complete sentences: 1) Describe what solid particles look like in general. (5 points) A solid particles are packed close together. The force between the particles is strong enough that the particles cannot move freely, they only vibrate. A solid particle has a definite shape and a definite volume. 2) Describe what liquid particles look like in general. (5 points) The liquid particles usually are still touching but there is some space between them

/34 3) Describe what gas particles look like in general. (5 points) Gas particles spread out and fill the container evenly, unlike liquids and solids gas is a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. When more gas particles are in the container there is less space for the particles to spread out and they become compressed. 4) Select water particles and complete the next steps of the lab: a. Start water particles at 0 o C. What do you see? (3 points) When I set the water to 0 C the particles are just bouncing around some start separating away from the others and bounce away but they are very active. b. Increase the heat to 50 o C. What happens to the particles? (3 points) When I increase the temperature up to 50 the particles get closer together And start to make a form but they are not extremely close the particles are still able to spin around. c. Now increase the heat to 100 o C. What do you see now? (3 points) When I increase the heat, the particles start to find to fly everywhere. Some are close together still moving around and some particles have a mind of their own and just flying around uncontrollably. d. Finally, rapidly drop the temperature until you are at -100 o C. What happens? (3 points) When I rapidly turn the temperature to -100 it seems to look like the particles are stuck together and trying to break loose but they cant, looks like they are frozen together kind of.

e. Finally, rapidly drop the temperature until you are at 200 o C. What happens? (3 points ) When I turn the temperature to 200 the particles break loose and start flying all around the container very fast, it looks like popcorn popping. /20 Section 2: Phase Changes 1) Describe what happens in the following scenario in 3-5 sentences: Start with neon. Pump up and down on the air pump on the left 5 times. Increase the heat to -100 o C. What happens to the particles? What happens to the pressure? (8 points) When I turned add the 5 pumps, and put the temperature to -100 this caused the particle to separate tremendously. The particles every single last one bouncing all around the container at a pretty fast speed. At first when I was turning the temperature they was stuck together like they was froze now they are going crazy. 2) Describe what happens in the following scenario in 3-5 sentences: Start with water. Cool water to -270 o C. Now add 5 pumps of air. What happens to the particles? What happens to the pressure? (8 points) When I cool the water to -270 Celsius they start to look frozen together. The particles are still touching but they are spaced out a little, this causes the particles to still have a little wiggle room. When I had the 5 pumps to the container nothing really changed, they just added on and connected to the other particles.

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3) Describe what happens in the following scenario in 3-5 sentences: Start with oxygen. Add 10 pumps of air to the chamber. What happens to the particles? What happens to the pressure? (8 points) Before I even added the 10 pumps the oxygen was not even moving, they was a stand still in a form of a box, When I added the 10 pumps the particles just started to move around and separate. It seems as though when I let them 10 pumps off they bumped into the other particles and they just started going wild. /24 4) Describe what happens in the following scenario in 3-5 sentences: Start with argon. Heat the argon to -100 o C. Continuously pump in more argon air molecules (10 pumps should suffice). What happens to the particles? What happens to the pressure? (8 points) Well first when I change the argon the -100 celecuis the argon particles is separated and moving but if two bump together they kind of stick together for a second and separate. When I add the 10 pumps slowly it just made the container a lot more crowded and it harder for the particles to move, but they are still jumping around the container its just very congested. 5) Summarize your findings and discoveries down here in a minimum of 5 sentences. (14 points) Before I did this lab I did not know most of these things, I did not know that solid particles are packed close together and the force between the particles is strong enough that the particles cannot move freely, they only vibrate. I also discovered that Particles with a gas are separated with no regular

arrangements and liquids are close together with no regular arrangements. Solids are always tightly packed together in some type of pattern. /22