HW 2 - Ahmad

docx

School

Stevenson University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

104

Subject

Chemistry

Date

Feb 20, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

15

Uploaded by DeanMaskKoala9

Report
2.1 Draw a Lewis structure for each of the compounds below: Ex. a. H2CCHOCH2CH(CH3)2 b. (CH3CH2)2CHCH2CH2OH c. (CH3CH2)3COH d. (CH3)2CC(CH3)OCH3 e. CH3CH2C(CH3)2CH2CH3 f. CH3CHBrCH2CH3 2.2 Draw a Lewis structure for each of the compounds below: a. HOCH2CH2CH2CHO b. Cl3CCO2H c. CH3CO2CH2CH3 2.3 Oxygenated hydrocarbons (compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen) are common components of biofuels. The combustion of three isomers of C3H6O (shown below) was studied to investigate the effects of structure on combustion speed and efficiency.1 Identify the number of sp3- hybridized carbon atoms in each of these isomers.
2.4 Draw a bond-line structure for each of the following compounds: Ex.
2.5 Draw a bond-line structure for each of the following compounds: a. (CH3)3CC(CH3)3 b. CH3CH2CH(CH3)2 c. (CH3CH2)3COH d. (CH3)2CHCH2OH e. CH3CH2CH2OCH3 f. (CH3CH2)2CCH2 g. H2CCHOCH2CH(CH3)2 h. CH3(CH2)6OH i. H2CCHCH2OCH2CH(CH3)2 j. CH3CH2C(CH3)2CH(CH2CH3)2 k. CH(CH2CH2NH2)3 l. (CH3)2CCHCH2CH3 m. (CH3)2CHCH(CH3)CH(CH3)CO2CH2CH2CH3 n. CH3CBr(CH2OH)CH2CH2OCH(CH3)CH2CH3
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
2.7 Atenolol and enalapril are drugs used in the treatment of heart disease. Both of these drugs lower blood pressure (albeit in different ways) and reduce the risk of heart attack. Using Table 2.1, identify and label all functional groups in these two compounds: 2.8 Draw all lone pairs on each of the oxygen atoms in the following structures. Before doing this, review Table 2.2 and then come back to these problems. Try to identify all lone pairs without having to count. Then, count to see if you were correct.
2.9 The rich and varied flavors of toasted bread, roasted coffee, and seared meat are a result of a process known as the Maillard reaction. This reaction creates hundreds of new flavorful compounds, including hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). By measuring levels of HMF in foods such as puffed cereals, production processes can be evaluated.3 Identify all of the missing lone pairs of electrons in hydroxymethylfurfural. 2.10 Draw any missing lone pairs on each of the nitrogen atoms in the following structures. First, review Table 2.3 and then come back to these problems. Try to identify all lone pairs without having to count. Then, count to see if you were correct.
2.12 In each of the following cases, determine whether the curved arrow violates either of the two rules and describe the violation, if any. (Don’t forget to count all lone pairs, as well as all hydrogen atoms that have been omitted from the bond-line drawings.)
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
2.13 Drawing the resonance structure of the following compound requires one curved arrow. The head of this curved arrow is placed on the oxygen atom, and the tail of the curved arrow can only be placed in one location without violating the rules for drawing curved arrows. Draw this curved arrow. 2.14 Polyglycolic acid (PGA) is a biodegradable polymer used in dissolvable sutures.5 PGA is synthesized by linking together glycolic acid molecules. Inspect the resonance arrows drawn for glycolic acid below and determine whether each curved arrow violates either of the two rules. Describe any violations that occur.
2.15 For each of the structures below, draw the resonance structure that is indicated by the curved arrows. Be sure to include formal charges.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
2.16 In each case below, draw the curved arrow(s) required in order to convert the first resonance structure into the second resonance structure. In each case, begin by drawing all lone pairs and then use the formal charges to guide you. 2.18 For each of the compounds below, locate the pattern we just learned (lone pair next to a π bond) and draw the appropriate resonance structure:
2.20 For each of the compounds below, locate the lone pair adjacent to C+ and draw the resonance structure: 2.25 Draw resonance structures for each of the following:
2.27 In the compounds shown below, the six-membered rings are called benzene rings. Such rings are commonly found in natural products, and we will learn more about the remarkable stability of these ring systems in Chapter 17. Because of resonance involving the attached groups, one of the benzene rings shown is electron-rich and the other is electron-poor. Draw the significant resonance contributors for each to determine which is which. Use δ− and δ+ symbols to indicate any electron-rich and electron- deficient sites, respectively. 2.28 Valderramenol A, a natural product that was isolated from the leaves of a plant native to the Philippines, was found to be antitubercular (can be used to treat tuberculosis).7 The structure of valderramenol A contains two benzene rings. Using resonance, demonstrate which ring is more electron- rich and which ring is more electron-deficient. 2.29 Draw a resonance hybrid for each of the following.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
2.31 For each compound below, identify all lone pairs and indicate whether each lone pair is localized or delocalized. Then, use that information to predict the geometry for each atom that exhibits a lone pair.
2.32 Nicotine is a toxic substance present in tobacco leaves. There are two lone pairs in the structure of nicotine. In general, localized lone pairs are much more reactive than delocalized lone pairs. With this information in mind, do you expect both lone pairs in nicotine to be reactive? Justify your answer. 2.33 Isoniazid is used in the treatment of tuberculosis and multiple sclerosis. Identify each lone pair as either localized or delocalized. Justify your answer in each case.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help