10. Which element has the electron configuration 1s² 2s²2p³? a. O b. F C. S d. Cl 11. How many hydrogen atoms are connected to the indicated carbon atom? a. one b. two c. three d. four e. none 12. Which of the following is the correct condensed structure for the following compound? H HCHHHCH H HC-C-C-C- a. CH₂C(CH₂)₂CH₂CH₂(CH)BrC(CH3)2 b. CH₂CH₂CH3CCH₂CH₂C(CH3)2CHBr c. (CH3)3CCH₂CH₂CH₂BrCHCH₂CH3 HC H HBr HH H C-C-H 2 d. CH,CH,CH,CCH₂CH₂CHBrCHCH₂CH₂ e. (CH3)3CCH₂CH₂CHBRCH(CH3)2
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
10. Electrons are filled in a different atomic orbital in an atom. According to the Aufbau rule, the electrons are filled in order of the increasing energy of the atomic orbitals.
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