PHY 101L Module Five Lab Report

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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PHY101L

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Chemistry

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Feb 20, 2024

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PHY 101L Module Five Lab Report Name: Ashley Shaw Date: 2/11/24 Complete this lab report by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. Overview In this investigation, you’ll design an experiment to test the law of conservation of energy. Then you’ll perform that experiment. This is completely open-ended. This allows you to use whatever materials and data acquisition techniques that you would like! Safety Read all the instructions for this laboratory activity before beginning. Observe established laboratory safety practices. Safety goggles should be worn during this lab. Make sure the lab area is clear of pets, children, and breakable objects. Do not eat, drink, or chew gum while performing this activity. Wash your hands with soap and water before and after performing the activity. Clean up the work area with soap and water after completing the investigation. Keep pets and children away from lab materials and equipment. Time Requirements Preparation: 30 minutes Experiment: 30 minutes Materials Needed From the Lab Kit Tape measure Materials Needed but Not Supplied in the Lab Kit Stopwatch Calculator Pen and paper for notetaking Procedure 1. You’ll design an experiment to test the law of conservation of energy. This experiment should include the measurement of some kind of energy transformation. This could be energy transformations from gravitational or elastic potential energy to kinetic energy, from potential energy to kinetic energy, or from kinetic energy to potential energy. The possibilities are endless! You’re free to use materials from your Carolina Biological lab kit. Or you may use materials that you have around your home. In either case, always make sure that you are following safe laboratory practices. * If you are unsure whether the experiment you plan on designing includes the measurement of an energy transformation, consult with your instructor. a. Possible energy transformations include the following: i. Measuring the initial and final gravitational potential energies of a ball bounced

on a hard surface ii. Measuring the initial gravitational potential energy and final kinetic energy of a ball rolling down an inclined plane iii. Measuring the initial elastic potential energy and final gravitational potential energy of a rubber band or spring launched upward from the ground 2. Once you’ve identified all of the materials needed for your experiment, gather all of your needed materials, a timing device, a tape measure, and pen and paper for note-taking. 3. Next, perform your experiment. Take note of all the data that you collect and any calculations that you use. Some equations that might be helpful include the following: kinetic energy = ½ mass x velocity 2 gravitational potential energy = mass x gravitational acceleration x height elastic potential energy = ½ spring constant x displacement 2 total initial energy = total final energy 4. Using your calculations, determine whether or not energy was conserved in your experiment. If energy was not conserved, explain why you feel that it was not conserved. Lab Questions 1. Explain the procedures you used to perform your experiment. This should include all of the materials that you used, the procedure that you followed, as well as any calculations used in your experiment. Include sufficient detail so that a fellow student could follow your instructions and complete your experiment exactly as you did. For my experiment I decided to make a pendulum, using string and a weighted object like a washer. This is then anchored to somethng that allows it to hang unobstructed. For my experiment I used a 5.4g washer and a 0.5 m long piece of string taped to the edge of a table. I brought the washer up parallel with the edge of the table and let it swing, timing how long it took for it to swing 5 times and how high the washer swung each time it completed 1 swing. 2. What type(s) of energy did you measure in your experiment? My experiment measuered both potential energy and kinetic energy. 3. Explain the transfer of energy. In your experiment, what was your initial form of energy? What form of energy was it converted to? If there were multiple transfers of energy occurring in your experiment, detail each of them below. In my experiment, as I held the washer at the same level as the table it only had kinetic energy as it was not in motion yet, but had the potential to be since I was holding it above the ground. As I released it and the washer swung down, the potential energy was converted into kinetic enrgy of the motion. Once at the bottom of the swing, kinetic energy was then converted to

potential energy of the upward motion. As it came back toward me in its downward swing it would convert potential energy to kinetic again, with each swing it would transfer it back and forth, loosing energy to external forces like air friction and gravitation pull. 4. Include your data in both table and graph format below. Use proper titles and labels on your table and graph. Swing 1 Swing 2 Swing 3 Swing 4 Swing 5 Height 0.43 0.36 0.30 0.25 0.13 Time 1.56s 1.40s 1.36s 1.26s 1.16s 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Height of Swing Number of Swings Height (m) 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 Time to complete each swing Number of Swings Time (s) 5. Include any calculations that you used to analyze your data below. 6. Describe whether or not you think that energy was conserved. If energy was not conserved, explain your reasoning and what you think might account for the “missing energy.” Use evidence to support your reasoning. Yes energy is conserved in my experiment, as the pendulum swings back and forth its energy is transferred back and forth from potential to kinetic while its total mechanical energy remains constant. At the highest point of each swing, the washer was at maximum potential energy and minimum kinetic, when it was at its lowest point of the swing it had maximum kinetic energy and minimum potential energy. The transfer is continuous in the system.

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