Lab 2

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Drexel University *

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151

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Chemistry

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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pdf

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4

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EXPERIMENT #2 Heat of a Chemical Reaction DATA AND RESULTS Name_______________________________ Date______________ Section______________ Time after Mixing (min:s) Temperature of Calorimeter and Contents ( o C) Experiment #1 Experiment #2 0:00 T 0 = T 0 = ~0:30 ~1:00 ~1:30 ~2:00 ~2:30 ~3:00 ~3:30 ~4:00 ~4:30 ~5:00 The final temperature, T f , is the highest temperature reached after the reaction has begun, and the temperature change, T = T f - T o .
Experiment #1 Experiment #2 Initial Temperature, T o Final Temperature, T f Temperature Change, T Mass in grams (g) of magnesium, m Mg Instructor’s Signature _______________________________________________________
DATA AND RESULTS Name_____________________________________ Date______________ Section______________ Calculation of Molar Heat of Reaction The heat, Q, absorbed by the calorimeter and its contents during the course of the reaction can be calculated from the change in temperature, T, using equation 1. Q = C cal T + m C sp T Eq. 1 Here C cal is the heat capacity of the Styrofoam calorimeter, m is the mass of the calorimeter contents, and C sp is the specific heat of those contents. You may take C cal to equal 20.0 J/°C. Since the contents are mostly water, which has a density of 1.0 g/mL, the mass of the contents, m, can be approximated as 50.0 g. You may also take the specific heat, C sp , of the solution to be that of pure water (4.184 J/g°C). The heat of the reaction has the same magnitude as Q, but opposite sign. To calculate the molar heat of reaction, H rxn , the heat of the reaction must be divided by the number of moles of Mg, n Mg . ߂ܪ ௥௫௡ = ି ಾ೒ Eq. 2 The number of moles of Mg, n Mg , is calculated by dividing the mass of Mg, m Mg , by the molar mass of Mg (24.3 g/mol): 24.3 / Mg Mg m n g mol = Eq. 3 Complete the following table. Show your calculations for Exp. 1 in the space below the table. Experiment #1 Experiment #2 Q in joules (J) from Eq. 1 Q in kJ (conversion factor = 1 kJ/1000 J) Moles of Mg from Eq. 3 Molar Heat of Reaction, H rxn (kJ/mol), from Eq. 2 Average Molar Heat of Reaction, H rxn (kJ/mol)
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Questions 1. You may have observed that bubbles begin to form when the magnesium strips are added. What is the chemical composition of the bubbles? 2. Is the reaction of Mg(s) with HCl(aq) exothermic or endothermic? 3. How accurate is your measurement for the heat of reaction 1? The accepted heat of this reaction is -467 kJ/mol. Accuracy is typically reported as the absolute value of the error relative to the accepted value expressed as a percentage: % ܧݎݎ݋ݎ = | ߂ܪ ௥௫௡ ሺ݉݁ܽݏݑݎ݁݀ሻ ߂ܪ ௥௫௡ ሺܣܿܿ݁݌ݐ݁݀ሻ | | ߂ܪ ௥௫௡ ሺܣܿܿ݁݌ݐ݁݀ሻ | × 100%