Experiment 5- Double Displacement Precipitation Reactions 2022-2023

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Lone Star College, CyFair *

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1411

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Chemistry

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Feb 20, 2024

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Experiment 5: Double Displacement/Precipitation Reactions Required reading: -Naming compounds -Balancing equations -Solubility rules -Molecular and Ionic equations -Displacement reactions Learning Goals: To be able to write IUPAC names and formulas of ionic compounds using crossover rule. Understand the principle of metathesis reactions and be able to write formulas of products for metathesis reactions. Balance chemical equations for ionic compounds. To be able to understand and use solubility rules to predict the formation of precipitate. To be able to write ionic and net ionic equations and determine spectator ions in a given reaction. Background information and theory: When two aqueous solutions of ionic compounds react to form a new ionic substance that is not soluble in water, the presence of a solid (or a precipitate) is observed in the mixture. This type of reaction is called a precipitation reaction. A metathesis reaction is a reaction between compounds that, when written as a molecular equation, it looks like there is an exchange between cations and anions. If one of these products is not soluble, according to solubility rules (table 4.1 of your textbook), then the reaction will proceed and the formation a solid will be observed. If both products are soluble in water then the ions will remain in solution and no reaction will take place; the formation of a solid substance is the driving force for these reactions. The following reaction is an example of a metathesis reaction: 3 CoCl 2(aq) + 2 Na 3 PO 4(aq) Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2(s) + 6 NaCl (aq) however, the following reaction: KCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) N.R. (no reaction) won’t proceed since both potential products KOH and NaCl are soluble in water. In this experiment, you will watch videos where aqueous solutions will be mixed and you will observe the formation of precipitates. Before watching the videos you will make predictions about the solubility of the products formed while writing molecular, ionic and net ionic equations for each reaction. In the next page there is a selection of solubility Version 2022-2023
rules that you can use in this lab. You can also use the solubility rules from your textbook. NO 3 ClO 3 ClO 4 C 2 H 3 O 2 Cl Br I SO 4 2− CO 3 2− SO 3 2− PO 4 3− CrO 4 2− S 2− OH Li + , Na + , K + , NH 4 + s s s s s s Mg 2+ s s s i d i Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ s s i i s ss Ba 2+ s s i i s s Ni 2+ , Fe 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ s s s i i i Ag + s i ss i i i Hg 2 2+ s i i i i i Pb 2+ s ss-i i i i i Fe 3+ s s s i ss i Co 2+ s s s i i i s = soluble (greater than about 1 g solute/100 g of water) ss = slightly soluble (approximately 0.1–1 g solute/100 g of water) i = insoluble (less than about 0.1 g solute/100 g of water) d = decomposes in water Procedure: Part 1: Theoretical work Complete the data sheet independently using chapters 2 and 4 as follows. Do these steps for all reactions provided before watching the videos for reactions. . Step 1: Write IUPAC names of products expected Step 2: Write formulas of reactants and products for the double displacement reaction. Step 3: Balance your equation Step 4: Use solubility rules to predict the physical states of products Version 2022-2023
Note: All reactants are aqueous solutions, some reactions will not work as they won’t form a precipitate (using the solubility rules table you need to predict if at least one of the products is a solid or precipitate). For those reactions that won’t give a solid, write NR as a side note in the molecular equation. Step 5: Write ionic, net ionic equations and determine spectator ions. All equations must be balanced and must indicate the physical states of reactants and products. Please as practice write the molecular and ionic equation even for those reaction that will not work and you can cross with a line the net ionic equation as everything will cancel in these cases. Step 6: Write observations after watching the videos and check if your predictions fall in agreement with the experimental data. Watch the following video for an example/explanation on how to write molecular, ionic and net ionic equations: https://lonestar.yuja.com/V/Video? v=5550042&node=24376944&a=70952927&autoplay=1 Use the following example as a guide. Video: https://youtu.be/i7satZ53G3Y Cobalt (II) chloride + sodium phosphate Cobalt (II) phosphate + sodium chloride Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation) 3 CoCl 2(aq) + 2 Na 3 PO 4 (aq) Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2(s) + 6 NaCl (aq) Ionic equation 3 Co +2 (aq) + 6 Cl - (aq) + 6Na + (aq) + 2 PO 4 3- (aq) Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2(s) + 6 Na + (aq) + 6Cl - (aq) Net ionic equation 3Co +2 (aq) + 2 PO 4 3- (aq) Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (s) Spectator ions: Cl - (aq) and Na + (aq) Observations: -One of the initial solutions was colorless and the other was light brown. -Upon combining both solutions, the mixture turned dark blue. -A new blue solid is observed in the mixture (a precipitate was formed). Part 2: Precipitation reactions videos/observations. 1) After completing the theoretical work above, watch the videos provided for each reaction. 2) In the video you will observe how substances react. A change in the color or a deposit formed in the test tube indicate a reaction has occurred. No change in the color of the tests tube indicates no reaction has occurred. 3) Complete the observations in data sheets provided in the next pages. Write your observations using complete sentences. Writing solid, blue, for example, does not count as an observation. Version 2022-2023
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Part 3: Predictions Complete the table provided for part 3 by predicting what would you observe if you combine the reagents indicated in the table. Version 2022-2023
Name: ____________________________________ Double Displacement /Precipitation Reactions Data 1: Video: https://youtu.be/D6-qlcN5714 sodium chloride + nickel (II) sulfate no reaction Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation) Ionic equation- Ni + (aq) +S + (aq) +O + (aq) + Na + (aq) + Cl +(aq) Net ionic equation- NiSO 4 (aq) + NaCl(aq) Spectator ions: Observations: 2: Video: https://youtu.be/eGG3EI4mwok sodium chloride + silver nitrate Silver chloride + Sodium nitrate Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation) Ionic equation Net ionic equation Spectator ions: Observations: Version 2022-2023
3: Video: https://youtu.be/Jl8Ze0P_Ioc Silver nitrate + potassium chromate silver chromate + potassium nitrate Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation) Ionic equation Net ionic equation- 2Ag + (aq) + CrO -2 4 -> Ag 2 CrO 4 Spectator ions: Observations: 4: Video: https://youtu.be/wfA-0Ce_w3E Copper (II) sulfate + potassium chromate Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation) Ionic equation Net ionic equation Spectator ions: Observations: Version 2022-2023
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5: Video: https://youtu.be/KkKBDcFfZWo Copper (II) sulfate + sodium sulfide Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation) Ionic equation Net ionic equation Spectator ions: Observations: 6: Video: https://youtu.be/9JZzL2qNGu0 Barium nitrate + copper (II) sulfate Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation) Ionic equation Net ionic equation Spectator ions: Observations: Version 2022-2023
7: Video: https://youtu.be/0CYospGOTMI sodium hydroxide + copper (II) sulfate Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation) Ionic equation Net ionic equation Spectator ions: Observations: 8: Video: https://youtu.be/S6aIEXDQf-A sodium hydroxide + iron (III) chloride Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation) Ionic equation Net ionic equation Spectator ions: Observations: Version 2022-2023
9: Video: https://youtu.be/3uVbr9REzK8 sodium hydroxide + iron (II) chloride Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation) Ionic equation Net ionic equation Spectator ions: Observations: 10: Video: https://youtu.be/Vd7iK7lb1lk sodium hydroxide + cobalt (II) chloride Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation) Ionic equation Net ionic equation Spectator ions: Observations: Version 2022-2023
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11: Video: https://youtu.be/XaMyfjYLhxU barium chloride + sodium sulfate Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation) Ionic equation Net ionic equation Spectator ions: Observations: 12: Video: https://youtu.be/X2mB-q2NQXY lead (II) nitrate + potassium iodide Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation) Ionic equation Net ionic equation Spectator ions: Observations: Version 2022-2023
13: Video: https://youtu.be/aFFC6vtI-rY calcium chloride + sodium phosphate Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation) Ionic equation Net ionic equation Spectator ions: Observations: Part 3: Predictions What do you expect to observe if you perform the following reactions in separate test tubes? . Reaction Prediction: what would you see? PbI 2 (s) added into water KCl (aq) + AgNO 3 (aq) CuSO 4 (aq) + LiCl (aq) (blue sol.) (Colorless sol.) Version 2022-2023
Name: ____________________________________ Double Displacement /Precipitation Reactions Postlab questions: Your instructor may ask you to answer these in your lab notebook, or to answer directly on this page and turn it in, or to include these answers in a formal lab report. Follow your instructor’s directions. 1.- Predict the name of the products, write molecular , ionic and net ionic equations for the following reactions: A) barium chloride + sodium sulfate ______________________________ Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation) Ionic equation Net ionic equation B) lithium chloride + potassium hydroxide ________________________ Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation) Ionic equation Net ionic equation 2.- From which two soluble ionic compounds would you prepare iron (III) phosphate? Write molecular, ionic and net ionic equations. Version 2022-2023
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