Experiment 5- Double Displacement Precipitation Reactions 2022-2023
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Experiment 5: Double Displacement/Precipitation Reactions
Required reading:
-Naming compounds
-Balancing equations
-Solubility rules
-Molecular and Ionic equations
-Displacement reactions
Learning Goals:
To be able to write IUPAC names and formulas of ionic compounds using crossover
rule.
Understand the principle of metathesis reactions and be able to write formulas of
products for metathesis reactions.
Balance chemical equations for ionic compounds.
To be able to understand and use solubility rules to predict the formation of
precipitate.
To be able to write ionic and net ionic equations and determine spectator ions in a
given reaction. Background information and theory:
When two aqueous solutions of ionic compounds react to form a new ionic substance
that is not soluble in water, the presence of a solid (or a precipitate) is observed in the
mixture. This type of reaction is called a precipitation reaction. A metathesis reaction is
a reaction between compounds that, when written as a molecular equation, it looks like
there is an exchange between cations and anions. If one of these products is not
soluble, according to solubility rules (table 4.1 of your textbook), then the reaction will
proceed and the formation a solid will be observed. If both products are soluble in water
then the ions will remain in solution and no reaction will take place; the formation of a
solid substance is the driving force for these reactions.
The following reaction is an example of a metathesis reaction:
3 CoCl
2(aq)
+ 2 Na
3
PO
4(aq)
Co
3
(PO
4
)
2(s)
+ 6 NaCl
(aq)
however, the following reaction:
KCl
(aq)
+ NaOH (aq)
N.R. (no reaction)
won’t proceed since both potential products KOH and NaCl
are soluble in water.
In this experiment, you will watch videos where aqueous solutions will be mixed and you
will observe the formation of precipitates. Before watching the videos you will make
predictions about the solubility of the products formed while writing molecular, ionic and
net ionic equations for each reaction. In the next page there is a selection of solubility
Version 2022-2023
rules that you can use in this lab. You can also use the solubility rules from your
textbook.
NO
3
−
ClO
3
−
ClO
4
−
C
2
H
3
O
2
−
Cl
−
Br
−
I
−
SO
4
2−
CO
3
2−
SO
3
2−
PO
4
3−
CrO
4
2−
S
2−
OH
−
Li
+
, Na
+
, K
+
, NH
4
+
s
s
s
s
s
s
Mg
2+
s
s
s
i
d
i
Ca
2+
, Sr
2+
s
s
i
i
s
ss
Ba
2+
s
s
i
i
s
s
Ni
2+
, Fe
2+
, Zn
2+
, Cu
2+
s
s
s
i
i
i
Ag
+
s
i
ss
i
i
i
Hg
2
2+
s
i
i
i
i
i
Pb
2+
s
ss-i
i
i
i
i
Fe
3+
s
s
s
i
ss
i
Co
2+
s
s
s
i
i
i
s = soluble (greater than about 1 g solute/100 g of water)
ss = slightly soluble (approximately 0.1–1 g solute/100 g of water)
i = insoluble (less than about 0.1 g solute/100 g of water)
d = decomposes in water
Procedure:
Part 1: Theoretical work
Complete the data sheet independently using chapters 2 and 4 as follows. Do these
steps for all reactions provided before watching the videos for reactions.
. Step 1: Write IUPAC names of products expected
Step 2: Write formulas of reactants and products for the double displacement reaction.
Step 3: Balance your equation
Step 4: Use solubility rules to predict the physical states of products
Version 2022-2023
Note: All reactants are aqueous solutions, some reactions will not work as they won’t
form a precipitate (using the solubility rules table you need to predict if at least one of
the products is a solid or precipitate). For those reactions that won’t give a solid, write
NR as a side note in the molecular equation. Step 5: Write ionic, net ionic equations and determine spectator ions. All equations must
be balanced and must indicate the physical states of reactants and products. Please as
practice write the molecular and ionic
equation even for those reaction that will not work
and you can cross with a line the net ionic equation as everything will cancel in these
cases.
Step 6: Write observations after watching the videos and check if your predictions fall in
agreement with the experimental data. Watch the following video for an example/explanation on how to write molecular, ionic and net ionic equations: https://lonestar.yuja.com/V/Video?
v=5550042&node=24376944&a=70952927&autoplay=1
Use the following example as a guide. Video:
https://youtu.be/i7satZ53G3Y
Cobalt (II) chloride + sodium phosphate
Cobalt (II) phosphate + sodium chloride Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation)
3 CoCl
2(aq)
+ 2 Na
3
PO
4
(aq)
Co
3
(PO
4
)
2(s)
+ 6 NaCl
(aq)
Ionic equation
3 Co
+2
(aq)
+ 6 Cl
-
(aq)
+ 6Na
+
(aq)
+ 2 PO
4
3-
(aq)
Co
3
(PO
4
)
2(s) + 6 Na
+
(aq)
+ 6Cl
-
(aq)
Net ionic equation
3Co
+2
(aq)
+ 2 PO
4 3-
(aq)
Co
3
(PO
4
)
2 (s)
Spectator ions:
Cl
-
(aq)
and Na
+
(aq)
Observations: -One of the initial solutions was colorless and the other was light brown.
-Upon combining both solutions, the mixture turned dark blue.
-A new blue solid is observed in the mixture (a precipitate was formed). Part 2: Precipitation reactions videos/observations.
1) After completing the theoretical work above, watch the videos provided for each
reaction.
2) In the video you will observe how substances react. A change in the color or a
deposit formed in the test tube indicate a reaction has occurred. No change in the color
of the tests tube indicates no reaction has occurred.
3) Complete the observations in data sheets provided in the next pages. Write your
observations using complete sentences. Writing solid, blue, for example, does not count
as an observation.
Version 2022-2023
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Part 3: Predictions
Complete the table provided for part 3 by predicting what would you observe if you
combine the reagents indicated in the table.
Version 2022-2023
Name: ____________________________________
Double Displacement /Precipitation Reactions
Data
1: Video: https://youtu.be/D6-qlcN5714
sodium chloride + nickel (II) sulfate
no reaction
Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation)
Ionic equation- Ni + (aq) +S + (aq) +O + (aq) + Na + (aq) + Cl +(aq)
Net ionic equation- NiSO
4
(aq) + NaCl(aq)
Spectator ions: Observations: 2: Video: https://youtu.be/eGG3EI4mwok
sodium chloride + silver nitrate
Silver chloride + Sodium nitrate
Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation)
Ionic equation
Net ionic equation
Spectator ions: Observations: Version 2022-2023
3: Video: https://youtu.be/Jl8Ze0P_Ioc
Silver nitrate + potassium chromate
silver chromate + potassium nitrate
Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation)
Ionic equation
Net ionic equation- 2Ag
+
(aq)
+ CrO
-2
4
-> Ag
2
CrO
4
Spectator ions: Observations: 4: Video: https://youtu.be/wfA-0Ce_w3E
Copper (II) sulfate + potassium chromate
Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation)
Ionic equation
Net ionic equation
Spectator ions: Observations: Version 2022-2023
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5: Video: https://youtu.be/KkKBDcFfZWo
Copper (II) sulfate + sodium sulfide
Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation)
Ionic equation
Net ionic equation
Spectator ions: Observations: 6: Video: https://youtu.be/9JZzL2qNGu0
Barium nitrate + copper (II) sulfate
Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation)
Ionic equation
Net ionic equation
Spectator ions: Observations: Version 2022-2023
7: Video: https://youtu.be/0CYospGOTMI
sodium hydroxide + copper (II) sulfate
Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation)
Ionic equation
Net ionic equation
Spectator ions: Observations: 8: Video: https://youtu.be/S6aIEXDQf-A
sodium hydroxide + iron (III) chloride
Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation)
Ionic equation
Net ionic equation
Spectator ions: Observations: Version 2022-2023
9: Video: https://youtu.be/3uVbr9REzK8
sodium hydroxide + iron (II) chloride
Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation)
Ionic equation
Net ionic equation
Spectator ions: Observations: 10: Video: https://youtu.be/Vd7iK7lb1lk
sodium hydroxide + cobalt (II) chloride
Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation)
Ionic equation
Net ionic equation
Spectator ions: Observations: Version 2022-2023
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11: Video: https://youtu.be/XaMyfjYLhxU
barium chloride + sodium sulfate
Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation)
Ionic equation
Net ionic equation
Spectator ions: Observations: 12: Video: https://youtu.be/X2mB-q2NQXY
lead (II) nitrate + potassium iodide
Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation)
Ionic equation
Net ionic equation
Spectator ions: Observations: Version 2022-2023
13: Video: https://youtu.be/aFFC6vtI-rY
calcium chloride + sodium phosphate
Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation)
Ionic equation
Net ionic equation
Spectator ions: Observations: Part 3: Predictions
What do you expect to observe if you perform the following reactions in separate test
tubes? .
Reaction
Prediction: what would you see?
PbI
2
(s) added into water KCl (aq) + AgNO
3
(aq) CuSO
4
(aq) + LiCl (aq)
(blue sol.) (Colorless sol.) Version 2022-2023
Name: ____________________________________
Double Displacement /Precipitation Reactions
Postlab questions:
Your instructor may ask you to answer these in your lab notebook, or to answer directly
on this page and turn it in, or to include these answers in a formal lab report. Follow
your instructor’s directions. 1.- Predict the name
of the products, write molecular
, ionic
and net
ionic equations for
the following reactions:
A) barium chloride + sodium sulfate
______________________________
Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation)
Ionic equation
Net ionic equation
B) lithium chloride + potassium hydroxide
________________________
Balanced chemical equation (Molecular equation)
Ionic equation
Net ionic equation
2.- From which two soluble ionic compounds would you prepare iron (III) phosphate?
Write molecular, ionic and net ionic equations. Version 2022-2023
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