Lab9. Determine the Formation Constant of a Coordination Complex
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Florida SouthWestern State College, Lee *
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Chemistry
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Feb 20, 2024
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Determine the Formation Constant of a Coordination Complex
Introduction*
One type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called
ligands (Ls)
. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H
2
O or NH
3
, or ions such as CN
–
or OH
–
. Often, the ligand acts as a Lewis base, donating a pair of electrons to the central metal cation. And the central metal cation acts as a Lewis acid, accepting a pair of electrons from the ligand. The equilibrium constant for the reaction of a metal ion (
M
+
) with one or more ligands to form a coordination complex is called a
formation constant (
K
f
)
M
+
+ n L → ML
n
+
K
f = ¿¿
In this lab, you will determine the K
f
of a silver complex ion by applying coupled equilibria concept. Coupled equilibria
involve two or more separate chemical reactions that share one or more reactants or products. For example, the coupling of the complex reaction, Reaction (1) and the dissolution reaction, Reaction (2) produces a metal complex ion from a sparingly soluble solid. (1) Ag
+
(aq) + L(aq) → AgL
+
(aq) K
f
= ?
(2) AgCl(s) ⇌
Ag
+
(aq) + Cl
-
(aq) K
sp
= 1.83 x 10
-10
(3) AgCl(s) + L(aq) → AgL
+
(aq) + Cl
-
(aq) K= K
f
K
sp
The equilibrium constant (K) of Reaction (3) equals the product of the formation constant of Reaction (1) and the K
sp
of Reaction (2). Procedure
Copy this to your web browser. Enable JavaScript to run the lab. Internet explorer might be the best selection of web browser as it supports Java. http://chemcollective.org/activities/autograded/123
A biotechnical company has developed a new ligand, codenamed 'Ligand L'. The ligand binds to
silver ion through the following reaction:
Ag
+
+ L→ AgL
+
K
f
= ?
The virtual lab below contains a 1.00M flask of 'Ligand L' along with a bottle of solid silver chloride. Perform an experiment in the virtual lab to determine the binding constant for this ligan
d (K_bind for the above reaction).
+
* Atom first,
2e, OpenStax
Note that the "solution viewer" in the virtual lab has been configured to show only the solids present in a solution vessel. (The concentration viewer has been disabled for this activity.) You will need to use your knowldedge of solubility to determine tthe binding constant. The Ksp for Silver Chloride is: 1.830x 10
-10
.
Step 1: Place 1M Ligand L solution on the work bench. Step 2. Weight 1.00 g of AgCl and added it into the Ligand L solution. Step3. Click on the solution vessel containing Ligand L and solid AgCl and read the information window. Record the mass of AgCl and the volume of the solution in Data Sheet. Step4. Calculate the mass and mole of AgCl consumed in the reaction. AgCl(s) + L(aq) → AgL
+
(aq) + Cl
-
(aq) K=?
Then, calculate the molarity of AgL
+
(aq) and Cl
-
(aq) in the solution. Last, calculate the equilibrium constant (K) of this reaction. Show all your work on Data Sheet. Step5. Calculate the K
f
of the reaction of Ag
+
binding with Ligand L. Refer to the coupled equilibria shown in the “Introduction” section. Show all your work on Data Sheet.
Ag
+
(aq) + L(aq) → AgL
+
(aq) K
f
= ?
Step6. When you complete the calculations, use the form at the bottom of the page to check your answer. Once your answers are confirmed, print the confirmation page as a PDF file and save it. You will upload it to Canvas when you take the online quiz. Data Sheet
AgCl(s) + L(aq) → AgL
+
(aq) + Cl
-
(aq) Reaction Equation
1. Molarity of the L solution = _________
2. Volume of solution = _____________ mL = _________ L
3. Mass of solid AgCl within the reaction vessel = _______________ 4. Mass of AgCl consumed in the reaction = mass of AgCl added – mass of AgCl remaining = _______________________ 5. Mole of AgCl consumed in the reaction = Mass of AgClconsumed
∈
the reaction
143.43
g
/
mol
= _________
6. [AgL
+
] = mole of AgCl consumed / liters of solution= _______________________ 7. [Cl
-
] = [AgL
+
] (based on the stoichiometry) = ____________ 8. Calculate the molarity of L after the reaction
a. Mole of L consumed = mole of AgCl consumed (based on stoichiometry) =_________
b. [L] = mole/ liters = 1
M x
0.1
L– moleof Lconsumed
liter of solution
= _________________ 9. Calculate the K for this reaction AgCl(s) + L(aq) → AgL
+
(aq) + Cl
-
(aq) K=? K= ¿¿
=___________________________________________________ 10. Calculate the K
f
of the reaction of Ag
+
binding with Ligand L. Ag
+
(aq) + L(aq) → AgL
+
(aq) K
f
= ?
Refer to the coupled equilibria shown below. (1) Ag
+
(aq) + L(aq) → AgL
+
(aq) K
f
= ?
(2) AgCl(s) ⇌
Ag
+
(aq) + Cl
-
(aq) K
sp
= 1.83 x 10
-10
(3) AgCl(s) + L(aq) → AgL
+
(aq) + Cl
-
(aq) K= K
f
K
sp
Show work below. K
f
=K/ K
sp
= Post Lab Assignment 1. A similar experiment as this lab is done as following: 0.456 g of solid AgCl is added a 25 mL solution of a 1.05 M ligand L to form complex AgL
+
.
AgCl (s) + L (aq) → AgL+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
When the reaction is complete, 0.315 g of solid AgCl remains.
Assume the total volume of the resultant solution is the same as the volume of the ligand solution. Ksp of AgCl in water is 1.83 x 10-10. Complete the following tasks:
a) Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of [AgL
+
]
eq
and [Cl
-
]
eq
.
b) Calculate the equilibrium concentration of [L]
eq
.
c) Calculate the equilibrium constant K of this reaction:
+
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AgCl (s) + L (aq) → AgL+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) K =?
d) Calculate the formation constant K
f
of AgL
+
.
Ag
+
(aq) + L(aq) → AgL
+
(aq) K
f
= ?
2. Upload the confirmation page of your experiment and completed Data Sheet to Canvas when
you take the online quiz. (5 points)
3. Take the online quiz (10 points). The quiz is based on Post Lab Assignments. Make sure you know how to answer the post lab questions before you take the quiz. The post lab questions themselves won’t be graded, instead, they are used for you to study for the quiz.
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