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Chemistry
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Feb 20, 2024
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Week 1 Study Questions
Required reading:
Seufert, V. and Ramankutty, N. 2017. Many shades of gray- The context-
dependent performance of organic agriculture. Science Advances 3:e1602638
Lecture: 1.
What are the three main advances in agricultural production that led to dramatic yield increases during the Green Revolution? 2.
Briefly define sustainable intensification? What are the 3 key strategies of sustainable intensification?
3.
What is an ecosystem service? Give a few examples of ecosystem services that are important for agroecological systems.
4.
Give a few examples of the concept of systems redesign in agriculture? How does this approach differ from other strategies of sustainable intensification (i.e. gains in efficiency
and input substitution)? 5.
How has traditional farming systems knowledge shaped these ecological intensification models?
Reading:
1)
Overall, what surprised you the most in the Seufert and Ramankutty article? Did your view of organic agriculture change in any way? 2)
Based on the reading (Fig. 1), what is an example of a tradeoff in organic agriculture? What is an example of a tradeoff in conventional agriculture? (Example for tradeoff in organic: Organic agriculture performs better than conventional in terms of _________________, but performs more poorly than conventional in terms of _________________. )
3)
Describe one variable for which organic performs better than conventional on a per area basis
but worse than conventional
per unit output
(Fig. 1). Why is it meaningful to consider performance on per unit output, in addition to per unit area?
4)
Pick one variable for which the authors have evaluated the performance of organic agriculture (Table 1). Under what conditions does organic agriculture perform well in terms of your chosen variable? Why is this the case, according to the authors?
5)
Describe one case where the impact of organic agriculture on a variable of interest to the authors is uncertain and why.
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Read the questions carefully and answer them comprehensively.
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Part A
3.
W
What is the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete
before submitting your answer.
amino acids
In photosynthesis, plants use the energy
to synthesize
from
oxidized
Reset Help
reduced
In respiration,
are
to form
and provide energy to do work
from sunlight
in the cells of our body.
air
carbohydrogens
proteins
carbon dioxide and water
from inner sources
carbohydrates
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d. High-pressure equipment offers higher profit margins for manufacturers.
So biophysical chemists can have jobs
e.
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sk: The Chemistry of Respiration
Quantities
2. Examine the two scenarios belowoi6g
• Scenario A: 100 g of glucose in the presence of unlimited oxygen is metabolized
through aerobic respiration.
• Scenario B: 100 g of glucose in the absence of oxygen is metabolized through
anaerobic respiration.
Would the mass of products produced in Scenario A be greater than, less than, or
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Marks: 1
Stereochemistry is the study of:
Choose one answer.
a. organic chemistry
b. two-dimensional chemistry
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Study the structure and answer the question below.
重重重
H.
CH2OH
C=0
H-C-OH
H-C-OH
но-с-н
но-с-н
но-с—н
н-с-ОН
H-C-OH
но-с-н
н-с-он
н-с-он
н-с-он
ČH2OH
ČH2OH
ČH2OH
Glucose
Galactose
Fructose
1. What are the elements you notice in the structures?
2. What do you notice with the carbon: hydrogen: oxygen (C: H: O) ratio in each
structure? (Note: To answer these count the number of C, H, and O in the
structure.
3. Now, look at the structure below.
a. Did you see any similarities with the three structures?
b. Do they have same kind of elements?
c. What differences did you noticed with their structures?
A.
В.
CH,OH
ÇHOH
ÇHOH
0-
O.
H
H.
OH
Но
H.
H
H
он
OH
H
H
но
OH
H
OH
H
OH
H.
OH
C.
CH2OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
OH
OH
OH
ÓH
ÓH
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b.
C.
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B. fat
C. proteins
D. nucleic acid
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2.
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C. nucleic acids
D. proteins
A. carbohydrates
B. lipids
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A. hydrophilic
B. neutral
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3.
C. hydrophobic
D. Zwitter ions
4.
make up carbohydrates?
A. C and H
C. C, H and O
D. C, H, O and N
B. C, H and N
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