Lab Report-2-Matter and Phase Changes Distil Ethanol

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Madisonville Community College *

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130

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Chemistry

Date

Jun 18, 2024

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docx

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Matter and Phase Changes: Distil Ethanol Exp. No. 2 I. Purpose The purpose of this lab simulation was to learn about the three states of matter: solid, liquid and gas. The experiment performed was the distillation of ethanol while modifying the conditions in order to observe the process of phase changes. A sample of ethanol (C2H5OH) 80% and water 20% (v/v) was obtained in order to produce a bioethanol. II. Experimental Method A heating curve for H20 was created using a 500 mL beaker of ice, a heating plate set at -50 degrees C. and a temperature probe. Creation of the heating curve of H20 helped establish the evaporation and melting point of ethanol (C2H5OH). 78 degrees C and - 115 degrees C, respectively. A 500 mL suction flask of C2H5OH was used. The distillation apparatus was set to 78 degrees C to separate the homogenous sample of C2H5OH 80% and H20 20% (v/v). The 100 mL collecting flask showed the first attempt was unsuccessful with the results paralleled the original sample of C2H5OH 80% and H20 20% (v/v). The realization that the atmospheric pressure varied from the highlands, the atm needed to be mimicked in the lab. A suction flask of 500 Ml of ice on a heat plate, a vacuum pump to a suction flask using a vacuum hose. A reduced pressure was produced showing a change in evaporation and melting points. This recreates the 0.53 atm, showing a boiling point of 62.21 degrees C. for C2H5OH and H20. These changes produced a purer form of C2H5OH. III. Data and Calculations Materials used: Suction flask 500 mL (Contains: Ice) Suction flask 500 mL (Contains: Ethanol) Heating mantle Distilling flask Condensor Collecting flask Vacuum hose Cooling water in Cooling water out Heat plate Temperature probe Sates of Matter

Solid Rigid It has both a fixed shape and volume. Liquid Assumes the shape of its container. It has a distinct volume but has no specific forms. Gas Also known as vapor. Takes the volume and shape of its container. It has no definite shape and volume. Phase Changes Melting energy required to break the intermolecular forces and increase the motion of the particles during solid to liquid transition Vaporization particle movement keeps increasing as the temperature rises. The motion of the particles becomes more rapid and spread apart as the particles move into gaseous states Sublimination Some solids can skip the liquid phase and change to the gaseous state directly. Classification of Matter Pure Substance is a matter that has a constant composition. Element is a type of substance that cannot be broken into a simpler substance by chemical change. Each element is composed of only one kind of atom. Compound is two or more different kinds of elements can combine. Mixture combination of different substances. Homogenous Mixture mixtures that are uniform throughout. Heterogeneous Mixture mixture that varies in composition, properties and appearance throughout. IV. Results The results of this experiment showed that by adjusting the melting, boiling and atm, it was possible to achieve the goal of bioethanol. V. Conclusion

The lab simulation elaborated on the three states of matter by giving visuals, definitions and showing that there is kinetic energy and intermolecular forces between the molecules. The lab taught how essential it is a knowing how to read and determine the heating curve of a given substance in order to achieve the desired results. A combination of these fundamentals helped in performing the distillation technique to successfully produce bioethanol. Reference: 150+ virtual labs for universities and high schools . Labster. (n.d.). https://www.labster.com/. FEEDBACK Great job, keep it up! Lab 2 +1/1 formatting DO NOT USE PERSONAL PRONOUNS (I, you, we, etc.) IN LAB REPORTS! Purpose +2/2 purpose mentions purifying/distilling ethanol to extend gasoline supply Methods +2/3 Mentions 3 of 5: heat water to produce heating curve, heat ethanol to produce heating curve, distil ethanol at 78 ° C, heat water at lower pressure to produce heating curve, distil ethanol at lower temperature Data and Calcs +0/1 boiling point of ethanol 78 ° C +0/1 result of distillation 80% H2O/20% EtOH +0/1 distillation at 0.53 atm +0/1 distillation at 61.21 ° C +0/1 result of distillation 44% H2O/56% EtOH Results Temperature ( ° C ) Pressure (atm) %v/v Normal BP 78 1 80% H2O/20% EtOH Reduced Pressure 61.21 0.53 44% H2O/56% EtOH +5 No table of data, only qualitative REPORT THESE DATA IN A TABLE! Conclusions +2/4 Conclusions section does not include purpose

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