FINAL_LABS_BIOS255_Labs_BIOS255_Week_6_Respiratory_Lab

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Chamberlain College of Nursing *

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BIO255

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Biology

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Jan 9, 2024

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Week 6 Respiratory System-Anatomy Learning Objectives: Describe the gross anatomical features of the respiratory tract. Trace the flow of air into and out of the lungs. Explain how Boyle’s law relates to the changing intrapleural and alveolar air pressures and volumes during respiration. Define various pulmonary volumes. Introduction: The respiratory tract carries air to and from the lungs. Air drawn in through the nose or mouth passes through the pharynx and larynx and continues through the trachea, bronchial tree, and the lungs. Inhalation relies on decreasing the pressure in the lungs below the atmospheric pressure to draw air in. Pressure in the lungs is decreased by increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity; The lungs move with the chest wall because the cavities which contain them are closed spaces. Each lung is protected by a double membrane called the pleural membrane. We can assess a person’s lung function by performing spirometry which allows us to measure pulmonary volumes. Don’t hold your breath, let’s go learn about this essential system! Assignment: Part 1 Complete the activities in Anatomy.TV Respiratory System: Introduction, Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract, Pulmonary Ventilation, Lung Volumes and Capacities. To access Anatomy.TV: Resources tab>Library>Library Resources-Database A- Z>Anatomy.TV>Titles: Choose Respiratory system>choose assigned sections You will then work through the material and activities by scrolling down on the right. This will allow you to see and work through all activities for that section. As you complete the lab activities, have the lab report ready to record data.
Part 2 Complete the lab report. Respiratory Anatomy Lab Report A. Anatomy 1. Identify the following structures by indicating which letter is indicating the structure in the image below: (¼ point per identification; total 1 ½ points) Oropharynx- F Nasopharynx- C Palatine tonsil- E Soft palate- D Middle nasal conchae- A H G F E D C B A
2. Label the following structures by indicating which letter they correspond to: (¼ point per identification; total 1 point) Trachea- B Larynx- A Diaphragm- E Left primary bronchi- C A E D C B
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3. Label the following structures by indicating which letter they correspond to in this image of the larynx: thyroid cartilage- C cricoid cartilage- D epiglottis- A (1/2 point per identification; 1 ½ point total) 4. Identify the following by indicating the letter that corresponds to the structure. (1/2 point per identification; 3 points total) Inferior lobe of the right lung- F Apex of the right lung- A Superior lobe of the right lung- B Middle lobe of the right lung- E Secondary (lobar) bronchi of the left lung- C Tertiary (segmental) bronchi of the left lung- D B C D E A
B. Pulmonary Ventilation 5. According to Boyle’s law, how are pressure and volume related, given a closed container? (1 point) According to Boyle’s law pressure and volume is related because they would be inversely proportional when the gas is kept in a closed container. As the volume of the gas increases, the pressure it exerts on the container decreases, and when the volume decreases, the pressure increases. 6. a. What happens to the volume of the thoracic cavity when the diaphragm contracts/flattens? (1 point) When the diaphragm contracts or flattens, it moves downward and increases the volume of the thoracic cavity. This expansion creates more space within the chest, allowing the lungs to expand and fill with air during inhalation. F E D C B A
b. How does this volume change affect the pressure in the thoracic cavity, and the flow of air ? (1 point) -Volume changes affect pressure in the thoracic cavity because increased volume in the thoracic cavity leads to a decrease in pressure within the lungs. This decrease in pressure causes air to flow from an area of higher pressure outside the body to an area of lower pressure inside the lungs, enabling inhalation. During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, reducing the volume of the thoracic cavity, which increases the pressure in the lungs and forces air to move out. 7. Describe the role of surfactant in the lungs. (1 point) -Surfactant is a crucial substance produced by specialized cells in the lungs called type II alveolar cells. It plays a vital role in reducing the surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli (small air sacs) in the lungs. C. Lung Volumes and Capacities 8. Define tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume . (2 points) Tidal volume refers to the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during normal breathing at rest. It represents the average volume of air exchanged with each breath. Inspiratory reserve volume is the additional volume of air that can be inhaled forcefully after a normal inhalation. It is the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled beyond the tidal volume. 9. Choose 4 of the blanks below to identify with the appropriate labels. (1/2 point per identification; 2 points total) A. Residual Volume B. Expiratory Reserve Volume
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C. Total Lung Volume D. Vital Capacity E. Functional Residual Capacity Grading Rubric for Lab Report E D C B A
Activity Deliverable Points Part 1 Complete lab activities 15 Part 2 Complete lab report 15 Total Complete all lab activities 30

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