BIO-Written Assignment Unit 3

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Written Assignment Unit 3 The theory of endosymbiosis explains how prokaryotic organisms evolved into eukaryotic cells. This hypothesis significantly advanced thanks to the work of biologist Lynn Margulus in the 1960s (Fossil Museum, n.d.). When one prokaryotic cell engulfs another, the engulfed cell survives. According to this theory, the engulfed cell uses the other as a host. It is an agreement that benefits all cells from an ecological standpoint. Both species may become so intertwined over time that neither can survive without the other (OpenStax College, 2013). The genetic materials found in eukaryotic cells are frequently used to support the endosymbiotic theory of evolution. Many of our nuclear genes, as well as the molecular machinery that controls replication and expression, are like Archaea. Eukaryotic cells are thought to have evolved from prokaryotic cells' nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondrion. Our genetic machinery (which regulates replication and expression) is similar to that of Archaea, which is evidence of this. Meanwhile, bacteria gave birth to many of the metabolic organelles and genes involved in energy harvesting (OpenStax College, 2013). The presence of Amoeba, a eukaryotic cell that lacks mitochondria and thus is involved in a symbiotic relationship with aerobic bacteria, provides additional evidence for the endosymbiotic theory. Endosymbiosis gives rise to mitochondrial endosymbiosis (Fossil Museum, n.d.). Libretext (2020), on the other hand, proposes an autogenous theory in which prokaryotic cells lacked the genetic area of concentration that is the nucleus but did have mitochondria, and later added a nucleus via gene fusion. Some scientists believe that the opposite of endosymbiosis is true: eukaryotes evolved first, then became simpler, resulting in prokaryotes. In my opinion, the endosymbiotic theory is the most plausible explanation. Despite the need for more evidence, biologists generally accept this theory as a very plausible scenario for eukaryotes' evolution from prokaryotes based on molecular evidence. REFERENCE  OpenStax College. (2013). Biology. from Rice University. Retrieved from https://my.uopeople.edu/pluginfile.php/922138/mod_page/content/5/BioTextbookCh2129.pdf on the 23rd April, 2021.  Fossil Museum. (n.d.). Endosymbiosis - The Appearance of the Eukaryotes. Retrieved from http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Evolution/Endosymbiosis.htm . on the 23rd April, 2021.  Libretexts. (2020). Endosymbiotic Theory and the Evolution of Eukaryotes. General Biology. Retrieved on the 29th April 2021 at 3:17am from https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book %3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/20%3A_Phylogenies_and_the_History_of_Life/20.3%3 A_Perspectives_on_the_Phylogenetic_Tree/20.3C %3A_Endosymbiotic_Theory_and_the_Evolution_of_Eukaryotes.

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