BIO-Discussion Forum Unit 3

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Discussion Forum Unit 3 The theory of endosymbiosis explains how prokaryotic organisms evolved into eukaryotic cells. This hypothesis significantly advanced thanks to the work of biologist Lynn Margulus in the 1960s (Fossil Museum, n.d.). When one prokaryotic cell engulfs another, the engulfed cell survives. According to this theory, the engulfed cell uses the other as a host. It is an agreement that benefits all cells from an ecological standpoint. Both species may become so intertwined over time that neither can survive without the other (OpenStax College, 2013). The genetic materials found in eukaryotic cells frequently support the endosymbiotic theory of evolution. Many of our nuclear genes, as well as the molecular machinery that controls replication and expression, are like Archaea's. Furthermore, the theory suggests that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells' nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondrion. Our genetic machinery (which controls replication and expression) is like that of Archaea, which is evidence of this. Meanwhile, bacteria gave birth to many of the metabolic organelles and genes involved in energy harvesting processes (OpenStax College, 2013). The presence of Amoeba, a eukaryotic cell that lacks mitochondria and thus is involved in a symbiotic relationship with aerobic bacteria, adds to the endosymbiotic theory. Endosymbiosis produces mitochondrial endosymbiosis (Fossil Museum, n.d.). Libretext (2020), on the other hand, proposes an autogenous theory in which prokaryotic cells lacked the genetic area of concentration that is the nucleus but had mitochondria, and later added a nucleus via gene fusion. Some scientists believe that the opposite of endosymbiosis is true: eukaryotes evolved first, then became simpler, giving rise to prokaryotes. The endosymbiotic theory, in my opinion, is the most likely explanation. Despite the need for more evidence, biologists generally accept this theory as a very plausible scenario for eukaryote evolution from prokaryotes based on molecular evidence. REFERENCE  OpenStax College. (2013). Biology. from Rice University. Retrieved from https://my.uopeople.edu/pluginfile.php/922138/mod_page/content/5/BioTextbookCh2129.pdf on the 23rd April, 2021.  Fossil Museum. (n.d.). Endosymbiosis - The Appearance of the Eukaryotes. Retrieved from http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Evolution/Endosymbiosis.htm . on the 23rd April, 2021.  Libretexts. (2020). Endosymbiotic Theory and the Evolution of Eukaryotes. General Biology. Retrieved on the 29th April 2021 at 3:17am from  https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book %3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/20%3A_Phylogenies_and_the_History_of_Life/20.3%3 A_Perspectives_on_the_Phylogenetic_Tree/20.3C %3A_Endosymbiotic_Theory_and_the_Evolution_of_Eukaryotes.

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