AP1 Lab 2

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201L

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Biology

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Jan 9, 2024

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Lab 2 Cell Structure and Function BIO201L Student Name: Jasmine Johnson Access Code (located on the lid of your lab kit): AC- Pre-Lab Questions: 1. Identify the major similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Both have DNA, Vesicles, Ribosomes and Vacuoles The difference is that Eukaryotic cells have nucleus membrane bound organelles, are larger, and they undergo mitosis while prokaryotic divide by binary function. 2. Where is the DNA housed in a prokaryotic cell? Where is it housed in a eukaryotic cell? Prokaryotic is housed through the cytoplasm Eukaryotic is house through the nucleus 3. Name three structures which provide support and protection in a eukaryotic cell. Cell wall Microfilaments Microtubles Experiment 1: Cell Structure and Function Post-Lab Questions 1. Label each of the arrows in the following slide images: A - Chromosomes B - Nucleus
Lab 2 Cell Structure and Function BIO201L Onion root tip, 1000x. 2. What is the difference between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum? Rough is rough and have ribosomes on the surface whereas smooth endoplasmic does not have ribosomes that help make it smooth. 3. Would an animal cell be able to survive without a mitochondria? Why or why not? No because the mitochondria simply put is the power house. Without the power house there is no energy for organelle function. 4. What is the function of a lysosome? Lysomoes and their enzymes aide in destruction of worn cellular parts. Their main function is engulfing of cell contents. Experiment 2: Exploring Cell Size Record the cell radius and time to center of the cell in Table 2. Then, calculate the surface area, volume, and surface area:volume ratio (equations provided below). Table 2: Surface Area and Volume in Relation to Cell Size
Lab 2 Cell Structure and Function BIO201L Radius (µm) Surface Area (µm 2 ) Volume (µm 3 ) Surface Area:Volume Ratio Time to Center of the Cell (s) 30 2827.4 14137.2 0.1999 0.075 60 11309.7 113097.33 0.0999 0.15 90 25446.90 381703.5 0.0666 0.225 120 45238.93 904778.68 0.0499 0.375 150 70685.83 1767145.86 0.0399 0.375 180 101787.6 3053628.05 0.0333 0.45 210 138544.23 4849048.26 0.0285 0.525 240 180955.73 7238229.47 0.0249 0.6 270 229022.10 141376166.94 0.019 .675 300 282743.33 14137166.94 0.019 .75 Post-Lab Questions 1. Create a graph of the time to the center of the cell as a function of the surface area:volume ratio.
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Lab 2 Cell Structure and Function BIO201L 0.08 0.15 0.23 0.3 0.38 0.45 0.53 0.6 0.68 0.75 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 Jasmine Johnson Series 1 Series 2 Series 3 2. How did the surface area affect diffusion to the center of the cell? What about volume? What about the surface area-to-volume ratio? The surface area interferes with diffusion because the larger the area is the rate of difussionis longer. When cell size increases, volume inceases faster than the surface area because volume is cubed where surface area is squared. When there is more volume and less surface area, difussion takes lomger and is less effective. When there is more volume and less surface area there will be a larger surface area to volume ratio. 3. How does this experiment demonstrate the need for larger cells to divide? It shows the need for larger cells to divide so that their surface area to volume ratio can be larger.