Exploring the Endocrine System: Functions and Hormones

Lab 9 The Endocrine System BIO201L Student Name: Jasmine Johnson Access Code (located on the lid of your lab kit): AC-5zwmj1w Pre-Lab Questions ” 1. What is the function of the endocrine system? ” To maintain homeostasis. ” 2. Research two types of hormones and describe the mode of action for each. ” TSH is responsible for the release of thyrois hormone growth of the thyroid gland. Insulin is releases by the pancreas to control glucose levels in the body. ” 3. Which gland is both endocrine and exocrine? ” The pancrease is both endocrine and exocrine. ” 4. Which hormones control the fight or flight response? ” Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine are the hormones responsible for the fight or flight response. ” 5. What is type 1 diabetes and what is the treatment for this disease? ” Type 1 diabetes occurs when insulin generating cells are destroyed in the pancreas. IDDM is treated with insulin, generally administered as a subcutaneous injection. ” 6. Describe how Ca 2+ levels in the blood are regulated by hormones. ” CA2+ levels are regulated by the parathyrois hormone. PTH has an effect on bones, intestines and kidneys to maintain normal levels. ” 7. How do the nervous and endocrine systems work together to maintain homeostasis of the body? ” The hypothalamus ist he component that allows the nervous system and the endocrine system to work in tandem. Experiment 1: Microscopic Anatomy of the Endocrine System Table 2: Experiment 1 Image Observations Image Type Image Observations Thyroid Gland The thyroid gland is composed of densly packed follicular cells as seen as 100x encompassing the collois as seen at 1000x. Parathyroid Gland The parathyrois gland at 100x looks like a mainland while the thyroid follicles look like islands. At 100x many purple/blue areas are noticed; appearance of the hole in the pink and white.

Lab 9 The Endocrine System BIO201L Image Type Image Observations Pancreas Present with densly packed cell. Three areas of lighter concentration noticeable. Intralobular ducts are bright red. The pancreas at 100x resembles a coral reef. Adrenal Gland Adrenal gland at 1000x has a columnar appearance. Capillary permeation resembles wrinkles. Dark pruplr holes is called a vacuolated appearance. Pituitary Gland The pituotary gland has no defined shape. It appears as a swirl of loose cells. It hast he apprarance of land with canals and rivers. Three areas oft he pituitary gland observed with varying colors of red.

Lab 9 The Endocrine System BIO201L Image Type Image Observations Anterior Pituitary Gland Present as clusters of packed cells. Each cluster is surrounded by a vascular canal. Post-Lab Questions ” 1 . Label the items in the following slide images based on your observations. ” A- colloid B- follicular cells 2. Identify the indicated components in the slide image below.

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Lab 9 The Endocrine System BIO201L A- thyroid follicles

Lab 9 The Endocrine System BIO201L 3. Identify the indicated components in the slide image below. A- capillary permeiation ” 4. Define what a hormone is. ” A regulatory substance produced in an orgasim and transported in tissue fluis such as blood to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action. Simply put a hormone is a molecule that travels to organs to regulate homepstasis and behavior. ” 5. How do hormones establish selectivity? ” Hormomes are selectively and only respond to cells that have receptors fort hat hormone and will only respond to ist signal. Very similar to a lock and key. ” 6. Explain how insulin regulates glucose levels in the blood. ” Insulin regulates gluclose levels in the blood by telling the liver, muscle, and fat cells to take glucose from the bloos. If the body has enough energy, excess insulin is stored in the liver as glycogen. Experiment 2: Stress Response

Lab 9 The Endocrine System BIO201L Table 3: Effect of Temperature on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Time Heart Rate (beats/minute) Blood Pressure (mmHg; systolic/diastolic) Initial - Normal Temperature 70 120/72 30 Seconds in Ice Water 78 126/74 60 Seconds in Ice Water 69 118/68 90 Seconds in Ice Water 65 116/66 120 Seconds in Ice Water 60 122/68 Final - Dry 71 124/72 Table 4: Effect of Posture on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Time Heart Rate (beats/minute) Blood Pressure (mmHg) Initial - Sitting 70 124/68 Initial – Standing 76 138/74 1 Minute Standing 72 122/70 2 Minutes Standing 68 118/68 Final - 2 minutes Sitting 72 120/70 Post-Lab Questions ” 1. Write your hypothesis for the “Testing Temperature” portion of this experiment. Be sure to include how you think the decreased temperature will affect blood pressure and heart rate, and, why. ” Blood pressure will increase and pulse will decrease the longer the hand is submerged in ice water. I came to this hypothesis because the skin is a key compmnent in temperature regulation. If the body temperature begins to drop below normal, heat can be conserved by a

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Lab 9 The Endocrine System BIO201L decrease in the diameter oft he blood vesseld. The decrease will cause the bloos pressure to increase. If someone fell into an iced over body of water and the whole body was submerged. ” 2. Write your hypothesis for the “Testing Body Position” portion of this experiment. Be sure to include how you think blood pressure and heart rate will vary when you sit versus when you stand. ” Blood pressure and pulse will increase initially as a neurocardiogenic respinse is triggeres to prevent blood pressure drop. Sitting for a long time can cause an increase in blood pressure as well, but thist does not mean that pulse will increase. Each situation depends on the person. ” 3. Explain your results in terms of the endocrine system. Indicate how the endocrine system is involved in the physiological response to temperature and body position. ” When changes happen the endocrine system helps regulate the heart rate and blood pressure and prepare the body for physical acttivity. The response aides to regulate homeostasis. ” 4. Which glands are most likely to be involved with the physiological response caused in this experiment? Which hormones are most likely to be involved? ” The gland mostly to activate and produce a response to this experiment ist he adrenal gland. Hormoones released include adrenaline, cortisol and norwpinwphrine. ” 5. How does this experiment demonstrate the “fight or flight” response? ” As the bosy is introduced tot he rapid change in temperature the sympathetic nervous system is activated initiating the fight ir flight response. Experiment 3: Fetal Pig Dissection – Endocrine System Post-Lab Questions ” 1. Describe the techniques utilized while dissecting the outer muscle layers of your pig. ” I vut small and did not go to deep. I used scissors to cut through the fascia. ” 2. What surprised you about the internal anatomy of the pig? ” I took this class before so I was not surpised this time. ” 3. What is unique about the glands of the endocrine system? ” The glands are different in their ability to regulate the body directly through one or more hormones in the blood. ” 4. Explain the function of the thyroid gland and the hormones it secretes. Include how the release of hormone is regulated and what cells the hormone act on. ”

Lab 9 The Endocrine System BIO201L The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate the bodys metabolic rate. The specific hormone released are T# and T4 cells. THS stimulates cells. TSH stimulates thyrois hormone syntheis and secretion. When activated T3 and T4 are moved with plasma protein in the bloob.Metabolism can be affected in some tissues.

Lab 9 The Endocrine System BIO201L ” Insert photo of your pig’s exposed pancreas with your name and access code handwritten clearly in the background: ”

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