Unit 3 Review Questions

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Unit 4 Review Questions: 1. What percent of bone is made of water? a. 25% b. 50% c. 15% d. 5% 2. How many bones are involved in movement? a. 206 b. 150 c. 88 d. 177` 3. ________ bone deals with shock absorption and is better at dealing with strain and ________ bone deals with standing stress? a. Trabecular, Cortical b. Cortical, Trabecular c. Long, Short d. Axial, Appendicular 4 . TRUE or FALSE. When osteoporosis occurs, you have more osteoclast activity than osteoblast activity. 5. The female athlete triad includes all of the following except? a. Eating disorder / not enough consumption for activity level b. Amenorrhea c. High body fat d. Osteoporosis 6. Select all of the following synchondroses joints: a. Sternocostal joints b. Vertebral joints c. Epiphyseal plates in children d. Pubic symphysis 7. All of the following are examples of fibrocartilage except: a. Menisci of the knee b. TMJ c. Intervertebral Discs d. Epiglottis 8. True or False: The joint receptors of the neck sense balance.

9. Which of the following neurons ascend to the spinal cord? a. Afferent b. Efferent c. Motor d. Sensory e. B and C f. A and D 10. The joint between the atlas and axis in the neck is what type of joint? a. Pivot b. Condyloid c. Hinge d. Ball and Socket 11. Which force is greater? a. Atmospheric pressure on a joint b. Outward pushing pressure from within a joint 12. Which of the following is a total malalignment of a joint? a. Dislocation b. Subluxation c. Luxation d. A and C e. All of the Above 13. Which of the following is NOT a major constituent of bone? a. Calcium Carbonate b. Collagen c. Myosin d. Water 14. True or False: Cortical bone can withstand more stress but less strain. 15. Match the bone type to the bone: 1. Femur a. Short Bone 2. Sternum b. Long Bone 3. Vertebrae c. Irregular Bone 4. Lunate (carpal bone) d. Flat Bone

16. Bone is the strongest in resisting what type of force? a. Compression b. Shear c. Tension 17. A bone scan provides a BMD 1.7 standard deviations below a normal 25y.o. female. This would be classified as what? a. Osteoporosis b. Osteopenia 18. Synchrondroses are held together by, while symphyses are held together with. a. Fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage b. Articular cartilage, hyaline cartilage c. Hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage 19. This would be an example of an intracapsular ligament of the knee. a. PCL b. FCL c. TCL d. Patellar ligament 20. Which of these are considered uniaxial, diarthrotic joints? Circle ALL that apply. a. Saddle b. Ball and Socket c. Gliding d. Pivot e. Hinge 22. Which of these are classified as biaxial joints? Circle ALL that apply. a. Bicondyloid b. Ball and Socket c. Condyloid d. Saddle e. Hinge 23. Which of these are considered triaxial joints? Circle ALL that apply. a. Hinge b. Gliding c. Ball and Socket d. Pivot e. Bicondyloid

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24. The first carpometacarpal joint is what type of joint. a. Hinge b. Pivot c. Condyloid d. Saddle 25. This is the most abundant type of cartilage in the human body. a. Fibrocartilage b. Hyaline c. Elastic 26. True or False. The main role of fibrocartilage is to provide flexibility to a joint. 27. Which of the following is not a function of articular cartilage? a. Helps distributes load across a joint to reduce stress b. Manufactures synovial fluid c. Lubricates joints d. Soaks up and re-distributes synovial fluid 28. What is the definition of a joint’s close packed position? a. Orientation of the joint that provides the LEAST amount of stability b. Orientation that provides the largest degree of ROM c. Orientation that is the MOST stable for a joint 29. True or False. Alpha motor neurons set the sensitivity for a muscle’s proprioceptors. 13.) Which side of the spinal cord is responsible for sensory feedback? a. Dorsal b. Ventral 30. Muscles spindles respond to while golgi tendon organs are stimulated by increased. a. Tension, stretch b. Shock, tension c. Stretch, tension

31. Order the following steps 1-5 in reference to the Stretch reflex. 4 Alpha motor neuron to the quadricep is stimulated, while the alpha motor neuron of the hamstrings is inhibited 1 Muscle spindle senses stretch 5 The quadriceps contract and the hamstrings relax 2 Sensory neuron conducts action potential 1 Sensory neurons synapse with alpha motor neuron and interneuron 32. Order the following steps 1-5 in reference to the Inhibition Reflex (Golgi Tendon Organ Reflex). 1 Golgi Tendon senses excessive tension 3 Sensory neurons synapse with interneurons 4 Alpha motor neuron to quadriceps is inhibited while the alpha motor neuron to the hamstring is stimulated 2 Sensory neuron conducts action potential 5 The hamstring contracts and the quadriceps relax 33. Which of the following do Pacinian corpuscles measure? a Temperature b Acceleration c Pain d Pressure 34.True or False: Cortical bone develops based on the stresses placed on the bone. 35. Osteoblasts ______ bone tissue to the ______ surface of the diaphysis, while osteoclasts ______ bone on the ______surface of the diaphysis. a. remove, internal, add, external b. add, external, remove, internal c. add, internal, remove, external d. remove, external, add, external 36. Which bone constituent provides flexibility and tensile strength? a. Calcium carbonate b. Calcium phosphate c. Collagen d. Calcium sulfate

37. Which of the following would be considered a part of the appendicular skeleton? Select all that apply. a. Humerus b. Tibia c. Scapula d. Sternum e. Ribs f. Femur 38. This connective tissue is responsible for connecting periosteum to bone. a. Collagen b. Aponeurosis c. Endosteum d. Sharpey’s fibers 39. This bone cell facilitates bone deposition and reacts to mechanical and hormonal stimulus. a. Osteocyte b. Osteoblast c. osteoclast 40. True or False: Prior to menopause, men and women actually have the same bone mineral density (BMD). 41. Which bones undergo appositional growth. a. long bones b. irregular bones c. short bones d. both A and B c. all of the above

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WORD BANK Ulna Radius Humorous Metacarpals Phalanges Carpals Tarsals Calcaneus Vertebrae Maxilla Sacrum Tailbone Patella Tibia Fibula Femur Metatarsals Clavicle

Match the letter to the correct fracture type. a. epiphysis separates from diaphysis along epiphyseal plate, only in children b. incomplete longitudinal break, can lead to traumatic fracture c. bone breaks at any angle other than 90 degrees d. bone is crushed, common in elderly e. bone breaks incompletely, only one side of shaft breaks and other side bends, only in children f. in these types of fractures the bone does not break through the skin. g. broken bone portion is pressed inward, common in flat bones (skull) h. ragged break caused twisting forces, common in sports i. the bone is shattered into multiple pieces and is more common in older individuals. j. incomplete fracture where one side of bone buckles out upon itself without disrupting the other side, common in children k. bone protrudes though the skin 1. Comminuted fracture ______ 2. Compression fracture ______ 3. Spiral fracture ______ 4. Epiphyseal fracture ______ 5. Depressed fracture ______ 6. Greenstick fracture ______ 7. Buckle fracture ______ 8. Fissured fracture ______ 9. Oblique fracture ______ 10.Simple fracture ______ 11.compound fractures ______

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