Module 8 Worksheet

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Keck Graduate Institute *

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Biology

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Jan 9, 2024

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Uploaded by MaryB01

Answer the following multiple-choice questions. There is no time limit, and you may save and return to your work as many times as you need to before submitting the worksheet. But you may submit this worksheet only once. Flag question: Question 1 Question 1 1 pts What is the lifetime risk for women dying of cancer? Group of answer choices 23% 59% 43% 19% Flag question: Question 2 Question 2 1 pts Select the appropriate letter regarding tumor marker tests: 1. Screen for cancer 2. Aid in staging of cancer 3. Monitor response to therapy 4. Detect recurrent disease Group of answer choices 1, 2, and 3 1, 2, and 4 2, 3, and 4 All four are appropriate. 4 Flag question: Question 3 Question 3 1 pts Tumor markers may be defined as Group of answer choices None of these Analytic tests (e.g., immunoassays) used to mark cancer cells Radioactive substances and chemicals used to help the physician identify cancer cells Biologic substances synthesized and released by cancer cells or substances produced by the host in response to cancer cells

Flag question: Question 4 Question 4 1 pts Which of the following is an oncofetal antigen? Group of answer choices CA-125 PSA AFP β -hCG Flag question: Question 5 Question 5 1 pts What are the major limitations of tumor markers? Group of answer choices Cost Sensitivity and specificity Imprecision Turnaround time Flag question: Question 6 Question 6 1 pts The major clinical use for CA 15-3 is monitoring treatment response of Group of answer choices Colorectal cancer Ovarian carcinoma Prostatic cancer Breast cancer Flag question: Question 7 Question 7 1 pts The most common immunoassays used to measure PSA detect which form of the enzyme? Group of answer choices PSA complexed with α 1-antichymotrypisin PSA complexed with α 2-macroglobulin Total PSA Free PSA

Flag question: Question 8 Question 8 1 pts Which of the following enzymes is commonly used as a tumor marker? Group of answer choices Lipase ALT PSA DNA Polymerase Flag question: Question 9 Question 9 1 pts A tumor marker used in the assessment of choriocarcinoma or hydatidiform mole is Group of answer choices β -HCG CEA AFP IgG Flag question: Question 10 Question 10 1 pts A serum PSA is used for all of the following except Group of answer choices Detecting recurrence Screening Diagnosis Monitoring response Flag question: Question 11

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Question 11 1 pts The following serum PSA measurements were obtained from two male patients who were being monitored over an 18-week period. Week 1 Week 6 Week 10 Week 15 Week 18 Patient A 21 ng/mL 26 ng/mL 46 ng/mL 79 ng/mL 78 ng/mL Patient B 14 ng/mL 46 ng/mL 89 ng/mL 120 ng/mL 110 ng/mL Which of the following statements most accurately describes these data? Group of answer choices Patient A may have a more aggressive prostate cancer based on the velocity of these measurements. Patient A is most likely to have benign prostate cancer. Patient B is most likely to be experiencing an inflammatory reaction, and this is largely contributing to the elevated PSA above 100 ng/mL. Patient B may have a more aggressive prostate cancer based on the velocity of these measurements. Flag question: Question 12 Question 12 1 pts When measuring tumor markers in the clinical laboratory, which of the following has been reported to contribute to 30% to 70% of the total amount of error? Group of answer choices Preanalytical errors Not comparing lot numbers between ELISA kits Analytical errors Using different immunoassay methods Hook effect Flag question: Question 13

Question 13 1 pts Which of the following methods is commonly used to measure endocrine metabolites? Group of answer choices HPLC Protein electrophoresis Gas chromatography Immunoassays Electrochemistry Flag question: Question 14 Question 14 1 pts Which of the following describes the correct source, function, and deficient state of the vitamin listed? Group of answer choices Folic acid — dairy products, myelin formation Niacin — meat, oxidation–reduction reactions, scurvy Vitamin E — plant tissues, antioxidant, osteomalacia Thiamine (B 1 ) — whole grains, carbohydrate metabolism, beriberi Flag question: Question 15 Question 15 1 pts Which vitamin would be affected if a patient was diagnosed with a disorder involving fat absorption? Group of answer choices Thiamine Ascorbic acid Vitamin B 12 Vitamin K Flag question: Question 16 Question 16 1 pts Which vitamin is a powerful antioxidant, protects the erythrocyte membrane from oxidative stress, and is found primarily in vegetable oils? Group of answer choices Vitamin C Vitamin K Folic acid Vitamin E

Flag question: Question 17 Question 17 1 pts A 70-year-old man presented to his physician with a broken arm. Laboratory work indicated an elevated prothrombin time, with all other laboratory results being normal. The man was also taking an antibiotic for an earlier respiratory infection. Which, if any, of the following vitamins might be involved? Group of answer choices Biotin Vitamin D None of these Vitamin K Flag question: Question 18 Question 18 1 pts The most commonly used method for determination of vitamin B 12 is Group of answer choices Chemiluminescence assay HPLC Competitive protein-binding RIA Magnetic separation immunoassay Flag question: Question 19 Question 19 1 pts Metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder with many parameters to measure. Which of the following is NOT needed to assess metabolic syndrome? Group of answer choices Elevated fasting glucose Elevated triglyceride levels Elevated HDL cholesterol Elevated blood pressure

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Flag question: Question 20 Question 20 1 pts Which of the following nutritional markers has been found to be the most sensitive and helpful indicator of nutritional status in very ill patients? Group of answer choices Transthyretin Albumin Transferrin Somatomedin C Flag question: Question 21 Question 21 1 pts Laboratory monitoring of the patient on TPN therapy is important to avoid possible complications. Which of the following trace elements should be monitored on a weekly basis? Group of answer choices Copper Chromium Molybdenum Selenium Flag question: Question 22 Question 22 1 pts High blood ammonia levels result in Group of answer choices Respiratory acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory alkalosis Metabolic acidosis Flag question: Question 23 Question 23 1 pts Point-of-care testing is helpful when Group of answer choices The device can be linked to the hospital LIS Results are needed quickly Only small sample sizes are available Quality control samples are not needed Flag question: Question 24

Question 24 1 pts The pituitary secretes which of the following hormones? (More than one answer is possible.) Group of answer choices Insulin-like growth factor Testosterone Growth hormone Thyroid-stimulating hormone Flag question: Question 25 Question 25 1 pts Aminoglycoside drug levels, such as gentamicin, should be measured Group of answer choices At steady state 3 hours after a dose At any time 30 minutes after a dose Flag question: Question 26 Question 26 1 pts Which could account for drug toxicity following a normally prescribed dose? Group of answer choices Liver impairment All of these Altered serum protein binding Decreased renal clearance by the kidney Flag question: Question 27 Question 27 1 pts Hearing loss is common among the elderly and may cause embarrassment. What should be done to facilitate the specimen collection process? Group of answer choices Speak very loud and forcefully. Use a microphone. Adjust your position to speak into the ear with the best hearing. Don't speak at all. Just give the patient printed instructions. Flag question: Question 28 Question 28 1 pts

Given the following information, calculate the creatinine clearance using the Cockcroft-Gault formula: Age = 85 Weight = 70 kg Sex = male Serum creatinine = 1.0 mg/dL Group of answer choices 35 47 53 72 Flag question: Question 29 Question 29 1 pts Glucose intolerance, abnormal cholesterol level, high blood pressure, and upper body obesity are characteristics of Group of answer choices Coronary heart disease Insulin resistance Chronic inflammatory disease Cerebrovascular disease Flag question: Question 30 Question 30 1 pts All of the following represent normal physiology of the newborn except Group of answer choices Weight of 2.4 kg 4 to 6 months for the infant's body weight to double Immature liver function and inability to eliminate excess bilirubin Closure of the ductus arteriosus and a shift of blood flow through the heart Flag question: Question 31 Question 31 1 pts

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Which of the following choices is FALSE concerning blood obtained by heel stick (capillary) and venipuncture (venous)? Group of answer choices The chemical composition of the sera derived from each is identical. Venous blood contains higher bilirubin and calcium concentrations. Capillary blood contains less concentrated proteins due to mixing with interstitial fluid. The capillary specimen is likely contaminated with interstitial fluid and tissue debris. Flag question: Question 32 Question 32 1 pts Under normal conditions, what is the maximum amount of blood that should be drawn from a 37-kg child during a single blood draw? Group of answer choices 20 mL 80 mL 60 mL 40 mL Flag question: Question 33 Question 33 1 pts When choosing a chemistry analyzer for a pediatric laboratory, it is necessary to Group of answer choices Be able to analyze from small volumes Ensure a minimum specimen dead volume Incorporate total laboratory automation Have a rapid turnaround time Flag question: Question 34 Question 34 1 pts Which of the following is true regarding POCT? Group of answer choices Results are generally available more rapidly than with traditional laboratory tests. Quality control samples are not needed. POCT is usually less expensive than traditional laboratory measurements. The device cannot be linked to the hospital information system.

Flag question: Question 35 Question 35 1 pts Which of the following conditions are related to metabolic acidosis in the newborn? Group of answer choices Anoxia and trauma during delivery Hyperammonemia caused by liver disease Hyperventilation Respiratory distress syndrome Flag question: Question 36 Question 36 1 pts Which of the following are characteristics of renal development and function during the neonatal period? Group of answer choices Have a maximum solute concentrating power of approximately 30% of an adult kidney Control the rate of salt and water loss and retention Completely developed by 24 weeks of gestation GFR about 50% of the rate seen in older children Flag question: Question 37 Question 37 1 pts Which of the following statements about the neonatal thyroid system is true? Group of answer choices Secondary hypothyroidism is usually diagnosed by measuring a low TSH level. Thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) are less than 50% bound to thyroid-binding globulins. CH is a very rare and untreatable disorder. A low measured TSH level may be due to a global pituitary gland dysfunction (panhypopituitarism). Flag question: Question 38 Question 38 1 pts Cystic fibrosis Group of answer choices Is a very uncommon genetic disease Is characterized by thin, water mucous secretions in the lungs and pancreatic ducts

Is caused by only a single type of mutation in the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene Is diagnosed by the measurement of elevated chloride concentration in sweat following iontophoresis

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Module 8 Worksheet

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