Lab 8 Assignment (alt Fall23)

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Brooklyn College, CUNY *

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Biology

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Jan 9, 2024

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Lab 8 Assignment Temperature & Growth 1. What potential contamination hazards do psychrophiles pose? Psychrophiles pose potential contamination hazards due to their ability to grow in low temperatures. For instance, if a butcher has refrigerated meat and it becomes infected with the bacteria, the meat will go bad. This can also happen with other items in the fridge such as dairy. 2. In what ways might a microorganism's ability to grow at low or high temperatures be reflected in the structure or expression of various proteins? A microorganism’s ability to grow at low or high temperatures might be reflected in the structure or expression of various proteins. Psychrophiles have specific adaptations that allow them to still perform functions at very low temperatures such as their structure that has higher number of alpha helices for stability so that the proteins and thus, reactions don’t slow down too much. Similarly, thermophiles also have their own adaptations that increase their protein stability, structure, and function. Thermophiles make stronger interactions and bonds so that when they are faced with high temperatures the proteins do not denature, loose shape and function. 3. How might microorganisms growing in the soil or water adapt to seasonal changes in temperature? Microorganisms that grow in soli or water usually adapt to seasonal changes in temperature by either becoming dormant cells or creating biofilms. Becoming dormant by the formation of spores allows microorganisms to essentially hibernate until conditions become more favorable. Similarly with biofilms, microbes can create communities therefore, becoming stronger and more resistant to changes. 4. Analyze your data. What are your observations for each species? Write a summary of your data and submit it with the table to your instructor. Optimal temperatures were as follows: Pseudomonas fluorescens (20-25  C), Bacillus stearothermophilus (55-60  C), Serratia marcescens (20-25  C), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (30,37  C). The results confirmed all the hypothesized values except for Pseudomonas fluorescens that was found to have a wider range of 4-37  C. The results indicated that each microorganism has its own optimal temperature where they have the most growth but that does not mean they cannot grow in other temperatures. Pseudomonas fluorescens p roved this through its growth at low temperatures even though its optimal range was 20-25  C. Results: Microorganism 4-6  C 10-25  C 37  C 55  C Pseudomonas fluorescens +++ +++ ++ 0 Bacillus stearothermophilus 0 0 + ++++

Serratia marcescens 0 ++++ + 0 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 0 0 +++ + Fermentative Patterns of Gram-Negative Bacteria 1) What type of bacteria are you looking for with these tests? With the fermentative patterns of bacteria tests, we were looking for Enterobacteriaceae spp . Since all the members in this family look similar after performing a Gram stain, to distinguish between Gram – microbes under the microscope, additional tests need to be performed. Essentially, we are looking for Gram – bacilli. 2) Where are the majority of these bacterial species found? Most of these bacterial species are found in gastrointestinal tract of animals, but many can be found in water and soil. 3) Would you be able to identify these species from each other by gram stain? Explain your answer. No, you would not be able to identify these species from each other by a simple Gram stain because all of them would look the same under the microscope (Gram – bacilli). Additional tests are performed to differentiate them. Some of these tests include Phenol red & acid fuchsin broth fermentation test, Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar, Hektoen enteric (HE) agar, MacConkey (MAC) agar, and more.

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