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Arizona State University, West Campus *

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Biology

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Jan 9, 2024

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What is the primary advantage of incorporating molecular data in modern phylogenetics? a) It confirms fossil records with higher precision. b) Molecular data helps identify morphological analogies across species. c) Molecular data provides precise and independent information about evolutionary relationships. d) It limits the need for fossil records in determining evolutionary history. Which animal phylum was thought to be primitive deuterostomes but was later reclassified due to molecular analysis? a) Echinodermata b) Lophotrochozoa c) Platyzoa d) Lophophorates The presence of nerve and muscle cells in Ctenophores was initially used to support their classification as a sister group to Cnidaria. What recent molecular evidence challenges this classification? a) The small size of the mitochondrial genome in Ctenophores. b) The absence of Hox genes in the Ctenophore genome. c) The presence of muscle cells in Ctenophores' tentacles only. d) All of the above. Which of the following is a significant aspect of protostome evolution based on molecular analyses? a) The closer relationship between annelids and arthropods. b) The grouping of mollusks with echinoderms. c) The distinction between Platyzoa and Lophotrochozoa. d) The shared characteristics between brachiopods and bryozoans. Why have comb jellies (Ctenophores) been debated in their placement on the animal phylogenetic tree? a) Their evolutionary history aligns more with Porifera. b) The absence of nerve and muscle cells in their genome. c) Their genetic analysis has shown similarities to sponges. d) Debate exists due to the absence of specific genes and mitochondrial features.
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