BIO 210 Lab 8 Part 1 Anatomy of the Brain SP2022 FINAL

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Apr 3, 2024

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1 BIOLOGY 210: BRAIN ANATOMY VIA VISIBLE BODY IN-LAB EXERCISES: 0.77 POINTS for each correct label and each correct question answer. 1. Open the Visible Body Website. 2. On the left-hand menu, click on My Apps. 3. Click on the Anatomy and Physiology App. 4. Click “17-23 Nervous System and Special Senses”. 5. Click “Section 20 Brain”. 6. Click “20.1 Brain”. 7. Using the information in the text on the upper left, answer the following: 7a. The brain is an organ of the central nervous system that (fill in the rest): receives sensory input and integrates information to form perception and thought, control activities such as speech and movement, and maintain homeostasis. 7b. The brain is located within what cavity? Cranium 7c. The brain is covered by tissue called: meninges. 8. Click on “Brain” on the left-hand menu. Click the “book icon” and answer the following about the brain. 8a. What are the four *sections* (three regional and one functional – NOT lobes) of the brain? o 1. Forebrain o 2. Midbrain o 3. Hindbrain o 4. Limbic system 9. Click on “Meninges” and answer the following. 9a. What are the three layers of meninges (give their full names)? o 1. Dura mater o 2. Arachnoid mater o 3. Pia mater 9b. Where is the epidural space and what does it contain? Wall of the vertebral canal and it contains loose areolar tissue, adipose tissues, and blood vessels
2 10. Click the menu button in the upper right-menu. 11. Click “Section 20.2 Brain Regions”. 12. On the brain on the next page, identify the lobes of the brain and two of the prominent divides by clicking on the parts. List some functions of each in the second half of the chart below by using the information you find about each under the “book icon”. Structure List some functions Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe Occipital Lobe Temporal Lobe Central Sulcus Pre-Central Gyrus Postcentral Gyrus
3 1. 2. (lobe) 3. (lobe) 4. 5. 6. (lobe) 7. (lobe)
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4 13. Click on “Cerebellum” in the right-hand menu. The model will rotate around. 14. I dentify the following parts of the cerebellum by clicking on the model. List some functions of each in the second half of the chart below using the information you find about each under the “book icon”. Structure List some functions Left Cerebellar hemisphere Right Cerebellar hemisphere Vermis 8. 9. 10.
5 15. Click on “Diencephalon” in the right-hand menu. The model will rotate around. 16. I dentify the following parts of the diencephalon by clicking on the model. List some functions of each in the second half of the chart below using the information you find about each under the “book icon”. You will need to rotate the brain around to view it from behind to find the very tiny dot that is the pineal body. Structure List some functions Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalamus (Pineal body) 13. 12. 11.
6 17. Click on “Midbrain” in the right-hand menu. The model will rotate around. 18. I dentify the following parts of the midbrain by clicking on the model. List some functions of each in the second half of the chart below using the information you find about each under the “book icon”. Structures List some functions Superior colliculi Inferior colliculi Midbrain 14. 16. 15.
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7 17. Click on “Pons” in the right-hand menu. The model will rotate around. 18. I dentify the Pons, part of the brainstem, by clicking on the model. List some functions of each in the second half of the chart below using the information you find about each under the “book icon”. 19. Click on “Medulla oblongata” in the right-hand menu. The model will rotate around. 20. I dentify the Medulla oblongata, also part of the brainstem, by clicking on the model. List some functions of each in the second half of the chart below using the information you find about each under the “book icon”. Structure List some functions Medulla Oblongata Pons 17. 18.
8 21. Click on “Menu” in the upper left-hand menu. 22. Click on “Section 20.3 Brain Cross Section. The model will rotate around. 23. First, identify the four major regions of the brain by clicking on the model and/or using the terms to the left. List some functions of each in the second half of the chart below using the information you find about each under the “book icon”. Structure List some functions Cerebrum Cerebellum Diencephalon Brainstem 19. 20. 21. 22.
9 24. Next, identify these parts of the brain by clicking on the model. List some functions of each in the second half of the chart below using the information you find about each under the “book icon”. Structure List some functions Corpus callosum Fornix Infundibulum Pars distalis (Anterior pituitary) Neurohypophysis (Posterior pituitary) Thalamus Arbor vitae 28. 27. 26. 24. 23. 25.
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10 25. Click on “Menu” in the upper left-hand menu. 26. Click on “Section 20.4 Ventricles of the Brain”. These are the *fluid-filled spaces* of the brain. Answer the following. 26a. What is the name of the fluid that fills these spaces? 27. Identify the four ventricles of the brain, as well as the two other fluid spaces by clicking on the model and/or using the terms to the left. By using the connections you find by identifying the parts below and the “book icon”, in second half of the chart below tell the structures that are joined together . Structure What two structures does it connect together (you need two things here)? Lateral ventricles (first/second ventricles) Third ventricle Fourth ventricle Cerebral aqueduct Central canal 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34.
11 28. Click on “Menu” in the upper left-hand menu. 29. Click on “Section 20.8 Medulla and Pons”. 30. Identify the twelve pairs of cranial nerve by clicking on the model (nerves VII through XII can be highlighted by clicking on the left-hand menu). List whether the nerves are sensory, motor, or both (mixed), and some basic functions by using the information in the “book icon” for each nerve. (HINT: Reading about/learning the functions can help you identify nerves by tracing where they lead). You have been given two pictures to label to get two viewpoints. Nerve Sensory/Motor/Both? List some functions I Olfactory II Optic III Oculomotor IV Trochlear V Trigeminal VI Abducens VII Facial VIII Vestibulocochlear IX Glossopharyngeal X Vagus XI Accessory CN XII Hypoglossal Optic chiasma (not a nerve but the connection of two)
12 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 40. 41. (the nerve name – see your list – not the part of nerve) 42.
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13 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. (the nerve name – see your list – not part of nerve) 59. 58. 57. 56.
14 TIME TO PRACTICE! CLICK ON QUIZZES IN THE MAIN MENU. SCROLL TO THE NERVOUS SYSTEM QUIZZES AND TAKE QUIZZES 20.b, and 21.b. Review your Brain structures. When you can identify them confidently, check them off. STRUCTURE NAME STRUCTURE NAME Frontal lobe Pons Parietal lobe Superior colliculi Occipital lobe Inferior colliculi Temporal lobe Pre-central gyrus Central sulcus Cerebrum Post-central gyrus Fornix Left cerebellum Arbor vitae Right cerebellum Optic Chiasm Vermis I Olfactory nerve Thalamus II Optic nerve Third ventricle III Oculomotor nerve Fourth ventricle IV Trochlear nerve Lateral ventricle V Trigeminal nerve Cerebral aqueduct VI Abducens nerve Corpus callosum VII Facial nerve Cerebellum VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve Infundibulum IX Glossopharyngeal nerve Hypothalamus X Vagus nerve Pituitary gland XI Accessory nerve Midbrain XII Hypoglossal nerve Medulla oblongata

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