Practice Quiz 2: Understand Cell Structure & Molecular Interactions

1/24/24, 12:32 AM Practice Quiz 2: Principles of Biology 1, sections 1 and 2, 2024 Practice Quiz 2 Due No due date Points O Questions 10 Time Limit None Allowed Attempts Unlimited Instructions These problems cover lecture material from Lectures 1-2 on the topics of Cell Structure and Molecular Interactions. These problems will help prepare you for Graded Quiz 2, Jan 24. The answers will be available after you submit your responses. As a reminder, you can access and complete practice quizzes an unlimited number of times. Take the Quiz Again Attempt History Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 10 minutes OoutofQ* * Some questions not yet graded Submitted Jan 24 at 12:28am Use the following diagram as a guide for the following 4 questions. Indicate which structure(s) and/or organelle(s) would be found in each cell type by putting checks in the list below. Also consider which structures/organelles may be found in multiple copies per cell or viral particle. https://wustl.instructure.com/courses/125723/quizzes/125261 1/11

1/124/24, 12:32 AM Correctl Correct! Correct! Correctl Correctl Correct! Correct! Correctl Correct! Correct! Practice Quiz 2: Principles of Biology 1, sections 1 and 2, 2024 @ Viral particle Bacterium Ave diameter ~0.02 um Ave diameter 0.4 uM Plant Cell Animal Cell Ave diameter 5-8 um Ave diameter 20 um Question 1 0/0 pts Typically found in a plant cell (Choose all that apply): nucleoid DNA and/or RNA proteins mitochondria plasma membrane cell wall nucleus ER ribosomes chloroplast Golgi https://wustl.instructure.com/courses/125723/quizzes/125261 2/11

1/124/24, 12:32 AM Correctl Correct! Correctl Correct! Correctl Correct! Correct! Correctl Practice Quiz 2: Principles of Biology 1, sections 1 and 2, 2024 large vacuole Question 2 0/0 pts Typically found in an animal cell (Choose all that apply): nucleoid DNA and/or RNA proteins mitochondria plasma membrane cell wall ER ribosomes chloroplast Golgi large vacuole Question 3 0/0 pts https://wustl.instructure.com/courses/125723/quizzes/125261 3/11

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1/124/24, 12:32 AM Correct! Correctl Correctl orrect Answer Correctl Correctl Practice Quiz 2: Principles of Biology 1, sections 1 and 2, 2024 Typically found in a bacterium (same as a bacterial cell) (Choose all that apply): nucleoid DNA and/or RNA proteins mitochondria plasma membrane cell wall nucleus ER ribosomes chloroplast Golgi large vacuole Question 4 0/0 pts Typically found in a viral particle, ex. coronavirus (Choose all that apply): nucleoid https://wustl.instructure.com/courses/125723/quizzes/125261 4/11

1/24/24, 12:32 AM Practice Quiz 2: Principles of Biology 1, sections 1 and 2, 2024 nucleus Correct! DNA and/or RNA Correctl proteins mitochondria Correctl viral membrane bilayer cell wall ER ribosomes chloroplast Golgi large vacuole (also viral envelope proteins) Question 5 0/0 pts Do online Activity 5.1 “The Scale of Life,” paying attention to units (nm, um, cm) (in online text website, under Student Activities, Hills Resources or link here: Activity 5.1 = — [ —— ———————————————————— (] ———————————————————— e ————————— ] R ————————————————————— ] w— each of the following substances, indicate which technique would be best for detection. chlorine ion light microscopy myosin (a protein) electron microscopy https://wustl.instructure.com/courses/125723/quizzes/125261 5/11

1/24/24, 12:32 AM Practice Quiz 2: Principles of Biology 1, sections 1 and 2, 2024 RNA electron microscopy chromosomes electron microscopy E. coli (a bacterial cell) light microscopy mitochondria light microscopy human sperm light microscopy Answer 1: ou Answered [ light microscopy orrect Answer Neither Answer 2: Correctl electron microscopy Answer 3: Correct! electron microscopy Answer 4: Correctl electron microscopy Answer 3J: ou Answered [ light microscopy orrect Answer both Answer 6: ou Answered [ light microscopy orrect Answer both Answer 7: https://wustl.instructure.com/courses/125723/quizzes/125261 6/11

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1/24/24, 12:32 AM Practice Quiz 2: Principles of Biology 1, sections 1 and 2, 2024 I ou Answered [ light microscopy orrect Answer both It is easiest to think about this question if you first list the substances in order, from smallest to largest. Figure 5.1 is helpful in doing this. Then use the scale in Fig. 5.1 to determine if the substance could be visualized with EM or LM or both. Chlorine ion -N (CI" is a single atom so cannot be detected by EM) Myosin (a protein)- EM RNA - EM Chromosomes —EM (light microscopy only for special polytene chromosomes) E. coli cell - Both Mitochondria - Both Human sperm - Both | Inanswered Question 6 Not yet graded / 0 pts Are viruses living organisms? Please explain, based on the properties of life discussed in class. Below are some characteristics of viruses to help you in your response: 1) Viruses can replicate but only when living inside a host cell. 2) Viruses are dependent on the host cell's machinery to obtain energy and raw materials from the environment. 3) Viruses don’t regulate their internal environment. 4) Viruses contain their own genetic material. Your Answer: https://wustl.instructure.com/courses/125723/quizzes/125261 7111

1/24/24, 12:32 AM Practice Quiz 2: Principles of Biology 1, sections 1 and 2, 2024 This is more of a question to get you thinking and applying some concepts from class. We couldn’t ask this exact question on an exam because there is no single correct answer. Your answer will depend on the definition you are using for “living organism”. Many biologists consider living organisms to be those that 1) obtain energy and raw materials from their environment and convert them into new biological molecules and structures; 2) regulate their internal environment; 3) grow and replicate and 4) contain genetic information that provides “instructions” for how the cell should function, and can pass this genetic information on to their progeny. In contrast, viruses, while they can replicate and pass on their genetic information (item 4), they can do so only when living inside a host cell. They cannot carry out physiological processes on their own, and are dependent on the host cell's ability to obtain energy and raw materials from the environment, and on the host cell protein and DNA replication machinery to replicate. They also don’t regulate their internal environment. So, many biologists would NOT consider a virus to be an independent, living organism. You may " have a different point of view, however, and so can answer this qguestion in a different way, as long as you provide valid arguments to support your position. | Inanswered Question 7 Not yet graded / 0 pts Draw a diagram illustrating the process through which a virus particle can be picked up by a phagocytic cell (e.g. an animal macrophage) and then sent to a lysosome where the virus will be destroyed. You should draw a series of panels to illustrate the following steps in the process: virus attaches to the cell, virus is engulfed by the cell, virus is in a vesicle in the cell, vesicle fuses with the lysosome. Your Answer: https://wustl.instructure.com/courses/125723/quizzes/125261 8/11

1/124/24, 12:32 AM Jnanswered Practice Quiz 2: Principles of Biology 1, sections 1 and 2, 2024 The viral particle is picked up by the cell via an endocytosis process. After the virus particle is recognized (e.g. determined by : the cell to be a danger), the plasma membrane of the cell first invaginates (folds back on itself to form a cavity or pouch) (b) and gradually forms a vesicle with the virus particle inside (the virus particle does not go through the plasma membrane, it is engulfed by the cell, surrounded by membrane) (c-d). This vesicle then travels to the interior of the cell to fuse with a lysosome (e). Once in the lysosome, the virus is exposed to digestive enzymes, and is destroyed, e.g. broken down into smaller fragments. Ultimately the polymers (proteins, nucleic acids) are hydrolyzed into their monomeric components. Orange- outside face Blue — cytoplasmic face Question 8 Not yet graded / 0 pts Use your previous drawing of phagocytosis and add two different colors to trace the two “faces” of the membrane (outside face and cytoplasmic face; recall that the membrane is composed of a lipid bi-layer) through all of the steps of phagocytosis. Once the virus is inside the vesicle, what is the orientation of the membrane of this vesicle (ie. what happens to the outside layer of the plasma membrane once it is part of the vesicle)? Your Answer: https://wustl.instructure.com/courses/125723/quizzes/125261 9/11

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1/124/24, 12:32 AM Jnanswered Practice Quiz 2: Principles of Biology 1, sections 1 and 2, 2024 The orientation of this vesicle is such that what was the outside face of the plasma membrane is now the inside face of the vesicle (and what was the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane is now the outside face of the vesicle). Question 9 Not yet graded / 0 pts According to the endosymbiont theory, modern day chloroplasts evolved from photosynthetic prokaryotes that were engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell. Over time (~1.5 billion years) the engulfed prokaryotic cell lost many of its cellular functions, most of its genes, and its ability to live on its own outside the plant cell. However, several of the specialized functions of the original prokaryotic cell have been retained. a. What function from the original prokaryote can we safely conclude was maintained? b. Where do you think the genes encoding the proteins required for these functions are located within the modern day plant cell? Your Answer: a. What function from the original prokaryote can we safely conclude was maintained? Functions associated with photosynthesis are retained. b. Where do you think the genes encoding the proteins required for these functions are located within the modern day plant cell? | would expect that most of the genes encoding these functions would be retained by the chloroplast genome. https://wustl.instructure.com/courses/125723/quizzes/125261 10/11

1/124/24, 12:32 AM Jnanswered Practice Quiz 2: Principles of Biology 1, sections 1 and 2, 2024 Question 10 Not yet graded / 0 pts Draw structures for the following functional groups. For carboxylic acid, amino, and phosphate, show the correct ionization state (with charges) at pH 7. A. Carboxylic acid B. Amino group (primary amine) C. Hydroxyl group D. Ketone E. Aldehyde F. Methyl G. Phosphate H. Sulfhydryl © H ) : Q. ‘2“""(‘0’ R—I{J&—H <, & ot d R_"'C"R- : o e o I © R—‘c'.fH f. K"f"" J. R-o—g"O' . @- SH * o Nok :DC?O is carled A Corbonyl| g oup , SO a,d, < un-\u.‘aﬂl Cor DO\ Ao CPS @ b ton olso be 3) <. o Be \"VW“Q\ o o\ (D) % . (o~ oo called atial er sulfhydryl group colled ON alky! APNONSN IV | O https://wustl.instructure.com/courses/125723/quizzes/125261 11/11

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