Lab_1_Intro_to_VB__the_Body__Movements__Planes_of_Motion_Student.docx

Introduction to the Human Body 2 Section: Planes and Positions Resources to use: ● Visible Body Suite - App ● Visible Body Planes and Positions eBook provided under lab 1 in Visible Body Courseware. Activity 1: Anatomical Position ● Launch Visible Body Suite. o After logging in, click on the bottom left hand corner “My Apps” and then click the app named “Visible Body Suite”. This will open the app in another tab for you to use. ● Click on Human Anatomy, navigate to Systems in tool bar and scroll down until you see Muscular System Views, select # -1. Muscular System View . The image below will appear on your screen. This model is standing in anatomical position. 1. Now click back to the assignments web page tab. Find the module named “Visible Body Planes and Positions ebook”and click it open. Use this ebook as a reference and describe the features of anatomical position in 1-2 sentences. Anatomical position features your palms facing out with feet about hip distance apart.

Introduction to the Human Body 5 Activity 1: Directional Terms ● Using the Visible Body Planes and Positions E-book, review the directional terms learned in the previous section. ● Launch VB Suite and open click Human Anatomy navigate to “systems” at the top of the page. ● Scroll down until you see “Muscular System Views” and select 30 - Knee. Explore the view by selecting the structures and learn their names. o Tip: Not sure where these muscles are? Select "anatomy search" at the bottom of your screen and type in the muscle. Then select "show me." 1. Using your knowledge on directional terms, circle or make bold and red the correct answer that completes each sentence. 1. The vastus intermedius is (superficial/ deep ) to the rectus femoris. 2. The tibialis anterior is (medial/ lateral ) to the tibia. 3. The gastrocnemius is ( superficial /deep) to the soleus. 4. The knee is (proximal/ distal ) to the hip. 5. The vastus lateralis is ( ventral /dorsal) to the semitendinosus. 6. The extensor digitorum longus is ( inferior /superior) to the tensor fascia lata. ● Click back to the main menu by clicking on 4 squares, select the filters and selectc the Gross Anatomy Lab at the bottom of the menu. - Scroll to the Digestive System View Then click # 2. Intraperitoneal Organs . ● Explore the model and select the structures on the model to learn their names. ● Using the model as a reference fill in each sentence with the directional term that completes it. 1. The greater omentum is superficial to the small intestine. 2. The ascending colon is lateral to the small intestine. 3. The ileum is inferior to the transverse colon. 4. The descending colon is ____superior__________ to the sigmoid colon. Group Activity: o Ask your TAs to find the torso models in the lab and try to find the organs listed in the previous exercise. Activity 2: Supine vs Prone ● Click back to the main menu and then navigate to Gross Anatomy Lab by clicking it at the top of the page. Then, click any of the options to explore the differences in supine and prone view of the model. You can change the position of the model by clicking “supine or prone” located at the top right corner of the page.

Introduction to the Human Body 8 Activity 2: Extension ● Click the four squares at the top of the page to return to the actions page and then find Elbow Extension under Upper Limbs. ● Play the animation. 1. Note the change in angle of the elbow joint during elbow extension. In 1-2 sentences, describe how the angle changes with the movement. During elbow extension the angle increases with movement. It is essentially just the act of straightening the forearm. 2. There is one muscle with three heads that acts as an agonist (prime mover) in this movement. Select the muscle in Elbow Extension to learn its name. Then, identify the structure indicated by the letter “A” on the image below, and fill in its name in the corresponding space beneath the image . A. Triceps brachii 3. In 1-2 sente nces, explain how the movement of elbow extension is the opposite of the movement of elbow flexion. The movement of elbow extension moves your anterior forearm away from your shoulder and extends it fully, which is the opposite of flexion that decreases the angle and moves the anterior forearm towards the shoulder. 4. Using the information learned in this activity, match the following terms to the appropriate description: B__ Flexion a. Agonist in elbow flexion D__ Extension b. A movement decreasing the angle of a joint C__ Triceps brachii c. Agonist in elbow extension

Introduction to the Human Body 11 ● Now, navigate back to Actions, then find Foot Eversion under Lower Limbs. ● Rotate the model to observe the anterior side of the lower limb. ● Play the animation. 2. Describe the movement in 1-2 sentences. Foot eversion is rotating the sole of the foot outward and away from the midline of the body. 3. Explain how eversion is the opposite of inversion in 1-2 sentences. Foot eversion is AWAY from midline and inversion is TOWARDS. 4. Eversion and inversion are represented on the image of the right ankle below. What movement is represented by A? What movement is represented by B? a__ Eversion ___________ b____ Inversion ______ ● Next, navigate to Actions, find Dorsiflexion under Lower Limbs and play the animation. Then, navigate to Plantarflexion under Lower Limbs and do the same. 5. Fill in the blanks using the information found in Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion: Dorsiflexion involves muscles on the _Anterior Side_________ side of the lower limb. Plantarflexion is the movement of pointing the toes toward the _ground or the floor__ . The gastrocnemius is an agonist in _plantarflexion_ . 6. Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion are represented on the image of the right ankle below. What movement is represented by A? What movement is represented by B?

Introduction to the Human Body 14 3. What bone is the longitudinal axis for both of these rotations? Femur Activity: Review o Please fill in the blank with directional terms for Fred the Skeleton (you will meet him in person next week in the lab!). You may open the Visible Body Suite app . Choose Human Anatomy, from the Skeletal System views, click on the Full Skeleton (#1). ○ Fred’s fibula is distal to his femur. When Fred squats his knees/hips will flex. When he stands up from a squatting position his knees/hips perform the opposite motion which is extension. This motion occurs on the __saggital____ plane and around the _medial lateral____ axis of rotation. Fred likes to do jumping jacks. When he performs jumping jacks his hips _adduct____ and _abduct___ on the _frontal_ plane while his shoulders _abduct____ and adduct__on this plane. In Fred’s old age his is losing some of his joint range of motion. He has trouble performing hip flexion, extension, abduction and adduction. This means he would be restricted what movement that combines these motions? __cicumduct___ o Car Driving and Thinking Anatomy with Fred ○ Fred is driving his imaginary car with three children in the back seat and his wife in the front. In a seated position, Fred has his foot on the gas pedal. To press the gas pedal down Fred can do either _plantarflexion_____ of his ankle or extension__ of his knee and/or possibly _extension____ of his hip. These movements occur on the _saggital_____ plane. His kids start misbehaving so Fred takes his arm and reaches back on to point at them. What movements Fred needs to do with his spine in order to point at his children? Lateral Flexion Review your answers with your group mates and your TAs, then move on to the next section.

Introduction to the Human Body 17 Section: Body Cavities Activity 1: o There are four main body cavities. Using a skeleton and body models you should be able to describe each cavity below: ○ cranium/spinal canal ○ thorax ○ abdomen ○ pelvis 1. List a few major organ systems that are contained in each cavity. Note the adjectives in the list below that match the nouns in the list above. o Cranial (sometimes described as cranial and spinal cavity): Brain and spinal cord o Thoracic cavity: Heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea , aorta, superior and inferior vena cava o Abdominal cavity: Digestive tract, liver, spleen, kidneys o Pelvic cavity: Digestive tract, bladder, ovaries, uterus,, prostate, seminal vesicles o What separates these cavities? ○ The brain and spinal cord are contained in their own bony cavity that provides maximum protection by the cranial and spinal column bones. ○ The thorax is separated from the abdomen by the diaphragm. ○ There is no major separation of the abdomen from the pelvis. Thus these two cavities are often referred to as the abdominopelvic cavity . ○ Within all of these cavities, there are membranes (sacs) that wall off certain of the organ systems from the bone and muscular parts of the body. However, some of the organ systems contained in the cavities remain outside of these membranes (sacs). o There are three sacs in the thorax. ○ Two are for the lungs , and one is for the heart . Group Activity #1: (You may Skip This Activity) o The bones and muscles of the thoracic wall and the diaphragm make up the thoracic cavity. o Using the balloons provided, first blow up the balloons (do not over-inflate). Make one about the size of your fist. Make the other two balloons 3x larger. o Take one of the larger balloons and put your finger or fist in the balloon (without breaking it!). The balloon represents one pleural sac (often referred to as simply the pleura ), and your finger/fist represents one lung. o A similar sac called the pericardial sac [ peri-, around ] surrounds the heart (the smallest balloon). o The wall of the balloon that is nearest to the ribs is called the parietal pleura (associated with the body wall).

Introduction to the Human Body 20 ○ Here is the list of organs in each of the body cavities. Using the provided Visible Body assignment modules, decide which organs/structures are retro in position and which organs or covered with a serous membrane (intra) . This is difficult, but we will use this information again later in the course. o Thorax: Esophagus, trachea, lungs, heart, thymus, aorta, inferior and superior vena cava, pulmonary arteries and veins, thoracic duct o Abdomen: Stomach, Liver, pancreas, kidneys, jejunum, ileum, adrenal glands, duodenum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, appendix, gall bladder, spleen, ureters o Pelvis: Bladder, rectum, sigmoid colon, ovaries, prostate gland, uterine tube, uterus, vagina, ureters, seminal vesicles o Intrapericardial and Intrapleural (Thorax: Pleural, Pericardial) Retro Lungs, heart esophagus, trachea, thoracic duct aorta, inferior and superior vena cava, sympathetic trunk, thymos, pulmonary arteries, and veins o Intraperitoneal (Abdomen) Retro Pancreas, Kidneys, adrenal glands, duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, ureters, gall bladder Stomach, jejunum, ileum, transverse colon, appendix, liver, spleen o Intraperitoneal (Pelvis) Retro Sigmoid colon, ovaries, uterine Bladder, rectum, prostate gland, uterus, vagina, ureters, seminal vesicles. Review your answers with your group mates and your TAs. End of Lab 1, Great Job