1.2.8 Wet Lab - Google Docs

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Name: Arjun Mahesh, Date: 1/24/24 In this investigation, you will observe the release of O 2 and CO2 into the environment. Gas production by two types of organisms will serve as evidence of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in action. In part 1, you will vary the amount of sugar present and observe the effect on cellular respiration. You will also observe how the rates of these processes vary as environmental conditions vary. In part 2, you will vary the amount of light and observe the effect on photosynthesis. Be sure to: Follow safe practices during this investigation. Dispose of the yeast solutions and the water by pouring them down the kitchen sink. The plants should be placed in the trash. Materials 6 clean, small-mouth bottles (plastic or glass) Permanent marker 3 large drinking glasses (clear plastic or glass) Tape (clear or masking) Distilled water or dechlorinated tap water Baking soda Scissors 3 sprigs (4 – 6 inches long) of a living plant* Strong light source (e.g., sunny windowsill, table lamp, ﬂashlight [no LEDs]) Teaspoon measure 3 packets of dry baker's yeast

⅛ cup of granular sugar Measuring cup Tap water, very warm 6 medium balloons (12 inches) Clock Measuring tape *Suggestions (water plants): waterweed ( Elodea canadensis ) or stonewort ( Chara ), found in freshwater streams and at pet stores Suggestions (landscape plants): fresh cuttings of the new growth of tender plants such as roses or rosemary, or seedlings of beans, radishes, or tomatoes Procedure Part 1: Observing Evidence of Cellular Respiration To observe evidence of cellular respiration in action, prepare the following experimental setup. 1. Use a marker to label 6 clean bottles: #1: No sugar #2: No sugar #3: Some sugar #4: Some sugar #5: More sugar #6: More sugar 2. Pour 1 teaspoon of dry yeast into each bottle. 3. Add 1 teaspoon of sugar to bottles 3 and 4 and 2 teaspoons of sugar to bottles 5 and 6. 4. Pour 1 cup of very warm tap water into each bottle. Be sure that the tap

water feels warm on your hand but not uncomfortably hot. 5. Blow up and deﬂate each balloon two times to stretch it. Then put some water in each balloon and immediately empty it to make sure each balloon is fully deﬂated. 6. Pull the opening of a balloon over the opening of each bottle. Be sure that each balloon's opening fully covers its bottle. Gently swirl the bottles to mix the ingredients. 7. Place the bottles in a warm, dark location such as a kitchen cabinet. This will eliminate light as a possible cause of any changes. Observe the bottles at 15- minute intervals. Notice any changes that occur in the bottles or to the balloons. Record your observations under "Data for Part 1." 8. After 2 hours, use a measuring tape to measure the circumference of (length around) each balloon, being sure to measure at the widest part. Record your measurements in the data table under "Data for Part 1." Data for Part 1: Observing Evidence of Cellular Respiration (10 points) What changes, if any, did you notice in the bottles or balloons as you made observations? (4 points) ● The balloon on the bottle with no sugar did not do anything ● The balloons that had sugar took about 1 hour to blow up ● The balloons worth sugar expanded more ● I also noticed form with the bottle that contained sugar

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Data Table for Observing Cellular Respiration (6 points) Circumference of balloon (inches) No sugar Some sugar More sugar Trial 1 (bottles 1, 3, & 5) 0 in 6.5 in 8.5 in Trial 2 (bottles 2, 4, & 6) 0 in 5.5 in 10.5 in Part 2: Observing Evidence of Photosynthesis To observe evidence of photosynthesis in action, prepare the following experimental setup. 9. Use a marker and tape to label 3 clean clear drinking glasses: #1: 0 inches #2: 10 inches #3: 20 inches 10. Place a pinch of baking soda in each glass. The baking soda adds CO 2 to the water when it dissolves. 11. Fill each drinking glass with room-temperature water; use either distilled water or dechlorinated tap water. 12. Get 3 sprigs of a living plant, and cut about ½ inch from the end of the stem with scissors. Making a fresh cut at the end of the stem ensures that the cells there are still living. Gently crush the end of the stem between your fingers.

13. Place each sprig in a separate glass, and make sure that the stem and leaves are fully submerged. You may need to use a weight such as a paper clip to keep each spring submerged. 14. Place each glass near a bright source of light, such as a sunny windowsill or a 150 W lamp. Position each glass at a different distance (for example, 0 inches, 10 inches, and 20 inches) from the light source. 15. Collect data for the type of plant you used. Landscape plants: a. Observe the sprigs at 15-minute intervals. Look for tiny bubbles on the leaves and stems. Record your observations under "Data for Part 2." b. After 1 hour, count the number of bubbles you can see on one leaf (if the leaves are relatively large) or on the entire spring (if the leaves are very small). Start with the glass farthest from the light source. Repeat the count for the middle glass and the closest glass. Record the numbers in the data table under "Data for Part 2." c. Repeat all your counts two more times. Water plants: d. Observe the springs at 5-minute intervals. Look for tiny bubbles on the leaves and stems. Record your observations under "Data for Part 2." e. When bubbles start rising from the plants, count the number of bubbles that reach the surface over a 2-minute period. Start with the glass farthest from the light source. Repeat the count for the middle glass and the closest glass. Record the numbers in the data table under "Data for Part 2." f. Repeat all your counts two more times. Data for Part 2: Observing Evidence of Photosynthesis (10 points) Describe what you see occurring in your experimental setup. (1 point) - I see that bubbles are being formed

Data Table for Observing Photosynthesis (9 points) Number of bubbles Distance from light source (inches) 0 10 20 Count #1 24 12 3 Count #2 25 13 5 Count #3 22 11 2 Analyze Data and Draw Conclusions (20 points) 1. In part 1, you collected data about how the amount of sugar affects the amount of gas produced. Analyze those data and draw a conclusion. (8 points) a. What gas inﬂated the balloons? (1 point) Carbon dioxide because the yeast ate the sugar. Carbon dioxide fills the balloons and then more is created in the balloons each time the balloons fill up.

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b. Find the average circumference of the two balloons with each amount of sugar. Show your work. (3 points) No sugar: 0 in Some sugar: (6.5 +8.5)/2= 7.5 in More sugar: (5.5+ 10.5)/2= 8 in c. Create a bar graph of the data, with the amount of sugar on the x -axis and the resulting average circumference of the balloon on the y -axis. (2 points) Amount of Sugar vs Average Circumference 9 8 inches 8 7.5 inches 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 inches Average Circumference (Inches) Amount of Sugar ● No sugar ● Some Sugar ● More Sugar

d. What do your data tell you about how the amount of sugar affects the rate of cellular respiration performed by the yeast? Remember that a rate involves a change in amount over time. Does this answer make sense? Why or why not? (2 points) The more sugar I add the bigger the balloon will turn out. This is because the carbon dioxide fills the balloons due to an increase in the rate of cellular respiration. 2. In part 2, you collected data about how the amount of light affects the amount of gas produced by a plant. Analyze those data and draw a conclusion. (8 points) a. What gas did the bubbles formed by the plant contain? (1 point) Oxygen b. Find the average number of bubbles at each distance from the light source. Show your work. (3 points) Farthest: (3+5+7)/3 = 5 bubbles

Middle: (12+13+11)/3= 12 bubbles Closest: (24+25+22)/3 = 23.66 bubbles c. From the perspective of the plants, how did the characteristics of the light (color and intensity) vary with the distance from the light source? Explain your conclusions. (2 points) When the light moved further away from the plant the intensity decreased. The plant production value will decrease too. This can be seen with the reduction in the number of bubbles as the distance got bigger. This means that oxygen production is reduced. d. What do your data tell you about how the intensity (amount) of light affects the rate of photosynthesis performed by the plant? Remember that a rate involves a change in amount over time. Does this answer make sense? Why or why not? (2 points) When the light is closer there is more intensity. The light also affects the rate of photosynthesis performed from each plant.

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3. Suggest a new question to explore in a future experiment for part 1. (2 points) Hint: What is another variable related to the process of cellular respiration, other than the amount of sugar available, that you could test? Think about the formula for cellular respiration, and be sure to base your question on a variable that would affect the reaction. How much water is gone from cellular respiration? 4. Suggest a new question to explore in a future experiment for part 2. (2 points) Hint: What is another variable related to the process of photosynthesis, other than the intensity of the available light, that you could test? Think about the formula for photosynthesis, and be sure to base your question on a variable that would affect the reaction. If there are different amounts of carbon dioxide, what will be the final results?

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