Quiz 3 Intracellular Membrane Traffic and Cell Signaling

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 Correct answers are hidden. Score for this quiz:  120  out of 125 Submitted Dec 3 at 9:25pm This attempt took 52 minutes.   Question 1 2.5 / 2.5 pts The SH2 domain of STAT proteins plays a key role in cytokine receptor signaling. This domain can bind to phosphotyrosine ...    on an activated receptor molecule, or (intramolecularly) on the same STAT molecule.      on a Janus kinase molecule, or (intramolecularly) on the same STAT molecule.      on an activated receptor molecule, or on another STAT molecule in a dimer.      on a Janus kinase molecule, or on another STAT molecule in a dimer.      on the same STAT molecule or on another STAT molecule in a dimer.     Question 2 2.5 / 2.5 pts During maturation of early endosomes to late endosomes, …    the vacuolar domain of the endosome is shed, whereas the tubular domain is retained.      the endosome migrates along actin filaments away from the cell interior.      the lumen of the endosome becomes more acidic.     
intralumenal vesicles disappear.      All of the above.     Question 3 2.5 / 2.5 pts Consider a signaling protein that is only made up of one SH2 domain and two SH3 domains. This protein is most likely ...    a monomeric G protein.      a guanine nucleotide exchange factor.      a kinase associated with receptor tyrosine kinase signaling.      an adaptor protein.      a negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling.     Question 4 2.5 / 2.5 pts In the following diagram showing five parallel signaling pathways downstream of a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), indicate which boxes (A to E) correspond to the following proteins.
  Cyclic AMP                 Protein kinase C                 Sos                 PI(3,4,5)P 3                 Ca 2+                   A C D E B
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Question 5 2.5 / 2.5 pts Indicate true (T) and false (F) statements below regarding receptor-mediated endocytosis of LDL particles. Your answer would be a four-letter string composed of letters T and F only, e.g. TTTF. (  ) LDL receptors are normally degraded in the lysosome along with their LDL ligands. (  ) LDL receptors that do not bind to extracellular LDL cannot be internalized in clathrin- coated vesicles. (  ) A mutation that impairs the attachment of an LDL receptor to a clathrin-coated pit would cause depletion of blood LDL levels. (  ) LDL receptors at the plasma membrane are usually concentrated in clathrin-coated pits.    TTTF      FTFT      FTTT      TFFT      FFFT     Question 6 2.5 / 2.5 pts Intracellular Ca 2+ oscillations, initiated by the activation of IP 3  receptors and orchestrated via intricate positive and negative feedback loops, can be subject to frequency modulation, an example of which is the increase in oscillation frequency with increasing stimulus strength. Caffeine is known to bind to and sensitize the ryanodine receptors, resulting in their opening in response to lower calcium ion concentrations. Do you think caffeine would tend to increase (I) or decrease (D) the frequency of calcium ion oscillations in stimulated cells?    Increase
     Decrease     Question 7 2.5 / 2.5 pts A certain effector protein can be activated by phosphorylation at a key tyrosine residue. An upstream kinase rapidly phosphorylates this tyrosine in the presence of a signal. However, the kinase also phosphorylates and activates a slow-acting phosphatase that can dephosphorylate the phosphotyrosine. Which curve in the following graph would you expect to represent the activity of the effector molecule over time? The input signal is present during the period indicated in gray. The dashed line represents the response in the absence of the phosphatase.      A      B      C      D      E
    Question 8 2.5 / 2.5 pts The transmembrane protein Tango1 is a packaging protein that helps some secretory proteins leave the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) after synthesis. Knocking down Tango1 by RNA interference impairs the incorporation of collagen VII, but not collagen I, into transport vesicles destined for the Golgi apparatus. The protein contains a lumenal N- terminal SH3 domain and a cytosolic C-terminal proline-rich domain. Which of the following proteins would you expect to interact with the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of Tango1, respectively?    Procollagen VII; COPI components      Procollagen VII; COPII components      Procollagen I; COPI components      Procollagen I; COPII components      COPI components; procollagen I     Question 9 2.5 / 2.5 pts In mammals, colostrum (or “first milk”) is produced by the mother in late pregnancy and shortly after giving birth to feed the newborn. In addition to nutrients, it is particularly rich in antibodies that are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium and support the weak immune system of the infant. Occasionally, some infants suffer from either respiratory acidosis or alkalosis. In acidosis, the blood pH becomes acidic due to lack of sufficient ventilation, while the opposite happens in alkalosis due to hyperventilation. Considering the molecular mechanism of transcytosis in intestinal epithelia, which of these conditions—acidosis or alkalosis —would you expect to interfere more with antibody absorption by transcytosis in these infants?   
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Acidosis      Alkalosis     Question 10 2.5 / 2.5 pts Indicate true (T) and false (F) statements below. Your answer would be a four-letter string composed of letters T and F only, e.g. TTFF. (  ) mTOR in complex 1 contains the protein raptor, is sensitive to rapamycin, and stimulates cell growth. (  ) Akt activation is stimulated by mTOR in complex 2, which contains the protein rictor. (  ) Activated Akt associates with and inactivates the 14-3-3 protein. (  ) Phosphorylation of Bad is anti-apoptotic.    FTFT      TFTF      TTTF      TTFT      FTTF     Question 11 2.5 / 2.5 pts All nuclear receptors ...    are cytosolic proteins that enter the nucleus upon ligand binding.     
have ligand-binding and DNA-binding domains, and can directly bind to DNA.      are transcriptional activators when bound to their ligand.      bind to steroid hormones.      are transcriptional repressors in the absence of their ligand.     Question 12 2.5 / 2.5 pts What is the effect of defective or missing N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase on lysosomal protein sorting?    Lysosomal proteins are secreted from the cell.      Lysosomal proteins are retained in the Golgi network.      Lysosomal proteins are retained in the ER.      Lysosomal proteins remain tightly bound to M6P receptors.      Nonfunctional lysosomal proteins accumulate in the lysosome.     Question 13 2.5 / 2.5 pts Sort the following events to reflect the order in which they occur during vesicle docking onto a target membrane, starting with an inactive Rab in the cytosol. Your answer would be a four-letter string composed of letters A to D only, e.g. DACB. (A) Rab is bound to its effector (tethering protein) on the target membrane.
(B) Rab is bound to its Rab-GDI. (C) Rab is bound to the membrane in its GTP-bound form. (D) Rab dissociates from the membrane.    ABDC      BCAD      CADB      BDCA      CABD     Question 14 2.5 / 2.5 pts Sort the following events to reflect the normal order in which they occur in G-protein- coupled receptor signaling leading to transcription of genes with cAMP response elements. Your answer would be a four-letter string composed of letters A to E only, e.g. ACBD. (A) Binding of CREB to PKA (B) Binding of cAMP to PKA (C) Dissociation of PKA into catalytic and regulatory subunits (D) Activation of adenylyl cyclase    BDAC      DBCA      CDBA  
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   BDAC      CDBA     Question 15 2.5 / 2.5 pts Which of the following represents the active form of β-catenin in cells stimulated with Wnt?    Phosphorylated by GSK3 and CK1      Bound to APC      Bound to Groucho      Bound to LEF1/TCF      None of the above     Question 16 2.5 / 2.5 pts The Golgi apparatus is made up of an ordered series of compartments. To process N- linked oligosaccharides, different Golgi compartments carry different enzymes that alter the sugar chains sequentially. Which Golgi cisternae are normally responsible for the addition of galactose and sialic acid, respectively, in complex oligosaccharides?    cis cisterna; medial cisterna      cis cisterna; trans cisterna
     medial cisterna; trans cisterna      medial cisterna; medial cisterna      trans cisterna; trans cisterna     Question 17 2.5 / 2.5 pts Phosphoinositides mark different cellular membranes and play key roles in protein trafficking inside the cell. Among them, PI(4,5)P 2  is involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis as well as phagocytosis at the plasma membrane. This phosphoinositide …    is bound by the adaptor protein AP2.      is bound by the GTPase dynamin.      is depleted from clathrin-coated vesicles to promote their uncoating.      All of the above.     Question 18 2.5 / 2.5 pts For the α subunit of a trimeric G protein, …    a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), whereas a regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) can act as a GTPase- activating protein (GAP).  
   a GPCR acts as a GAP, whereas an RGS can act as a GEF.      both a GPCR and an RGS can act as a GEF.      both a GPCR and an RGS can act as a GAP.     Question 19 2.5 / 2.5 pts Indicate whether each of the following descriptions better applies to COPI- (1), COPII- (2), or clathrin- (3) coated vesicles. Your answer would be a four-digit number composed of digits 1 to 3 only, e.g. 1322. (  ) They mediate transport from the ER to the cis Golgi network. (  ) Their coat protein forms a three-legged structure called a triskelion. (  ) They are pinched off from their donor compartment by a dynamin collar. (  ) They are involved in retrograde transport in the Golgi apparatus.    3321      1321      2331      2321      3212     Question 20 2.5 / 2.5 pts PI 3-kinase ...
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   is a membrane-associated tyrosine kinase.      activates PDK1 by phosphorylating a serine residue on the protein.      is counteracted by PTEN phosphatase.      is only known to be activated by receptor tyrosine kinases.      inhibits Akt.     Question 21 2.5 / 2.5 pts Indicate whether each of the following descriptions better applies to t-SNAREs (T) or v- SNAREs (V). (  ) They are usually located on the target membrane. (  ) They are composed of a single polypeptide chain.    VT      TV      VV      TT     Question 22 2.5 / 2.5 pts
Indicate true (T) and false (F) statements below regarding glycosylation of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. Your answer would be a four-letter string composed of letters T and F only, e.g. TTTF (  ) Glycosylation can promote protein folding. (  ) The glycosylation state of a protein can determine its fate along the secretory pathway. (  ) Glycosylation makes a protein more accessible to proteases and other proteins. (  ) Glycosylated proteins are generally more flexible.    TTFF      TFTF      TTTF      TFFT      FTFF     Question 23 2.5 / 2.5 pts Which of the following is NOT a common second messenger in cell signaling?    Ca 2+    Cyclic adenosine monophosphate      Diacylglycerol      Tyrosine  
   Inositol trisphosphate     Question 24 2.5 / 2.5 pts How does the expression of Delta on the surface of a cell activate the expression of certain genes in the nucleus of its neighboring cell?    Delta binding activates Notch, which activates a transcriptional activator through the JAK–STAT pathway.      Delta binding leads to the stabilization of a cytoskeleton-associated transcriptional activator.      Delta binding releases the intracellular tail of Notch, which enters the nucleus and converts a transcriptional repressor into a transcriptional activator.      Delta binding leads to Notch-mediated recruitment of protein complexes to the plasma membrane, resulting in the degradation of a transcriptional repressor.      Delta binding leads to the proteolytic cleavage of Notch and inhibition of its activity as a transcriptional repressor, leading to the activation of target genes.     Question 25 2.5 / 2.5 pts Which of the following phosphoinositides is the preferred binding target for a PH- domain-containing protein?
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     A      B      C      D      E     Question 26 2.5 / 2.5 pts Indicate whether each of the following descriptions better applies to COPI- (1), COPII- (2), or clathrin- (3) coated vesicles. Your answer would be a four-digit number composed of digits 1 to 3 only, e.g. 1322. (  ) They are uncoated by an hsp70 family protein, which is stimulated by the binding of auxilin. (  ) They keep their coat proteins for a relatively long time, until they dock onto their target membrane. (  ) Their uncoating depends on activation of an ARF-GAP. (  ) Their uncoating depends in part on activation of a Sar1-GAP.    3212      3122
     1312      2312      3112     Question 27 2.5 / 2.5 pts Whereas the cholera toxin ADP-ribosylates the α subunit of stimulatory G protein (G s ), thereby blocking GTP hydrolysis, pertussis toxin ADP-ribosylates the α subunit of inhibitory G protein (G i ) and prevents interaction with the receptor. What is the effect of these toxins on the concentration of intracellular cAMP?    Cholera toxin tends to increase cAMP concentration, whereas pertussis toxin tends to decrease cAMP concentration.      Cholera toxin tends to decrease cAMP concentration, whereas pertussis toxin tends to increase cAMP concentration.      They both tend to increase cAMP concentration.      They both tend to decrease cAMP concentration.     Incorrect Question 28 0 / 2.5 pts Indicate whether each of the following descriptions better applies to the cisternal maturation model (C) or the vesicle transport model (V) for the organization of the Golgi apparatus. Your answer would be a four-letter string composed of letters C and V only, e.g. CVCV. (  ) Golgi cisternae are static organelles.
(  ) Golgi cisternae exchange material exclusively by retrograde vesicular transport. (  ) A cis Golgi cisterna becomes a medial cisterna which becomes a trans cisterna. (  ) Any protein that passes through the Golgi apparatus should be incorporated into transport vesicles several times.    VCCV      CVCV      VCVC      CVVC      VCVV   17.Indicate whether each of the following descriptions better applies to a BAR domain (B), the outer shell of COPI coatomer (C), or a dynamin oligomer (D). Your answer would be a three-letter string composed of letters B, C, and D only, e.g. CBD. (  ) It resembles a crescent. (  ) It resembles a collar. (  ) It resembles a cage. a. CDB             *b. BDC             c. BCD             d. DBC                        e. CBD   Question 29 2.5 / 2.5 pts A cell expresses a transmembrane protein that is cleaved at the plasma membrane to release an extracellular fragment. The fragment binds to receptor proteins on nearby cells and activates signaling pathways resulting in altered gene expression patterns in the cells. What form of intercellular signaling does this represent?    Contact-dependent signaling  
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   Paracrine signaling      Synaptic signaling      Endocrine signaling      Autocrine signaling     Question 30 2.5 / 2.5 pts Which of these is not a typical transport vesicle coat protein in the secretory or endocytic pathway?    Clathrin      KDEL      COPI      COPII     Question 31 2.5 / 2.5 pts The recruitment of AP2 adaptor protein to a cargo receptor on the cell membrane is mediated by this signaling molecule;    PIP2  
   Ras      Rho      MAPK     Question 32 2.5 / 2.5 pts Which group of amino acids do you suspect will be predominant in the BAR domains of membrane-bending proteins?    Hydrophobic amino acids      Acidic amino acids      Basic amino acids      Polar uncharged amino acids     Question 33 2.5 / 2.5 pts This class of BAR domain-containing membrane-bending proteins are employed in exocytosis;    K-BAR      D-BAR  
   F-BAR      I-BAR     Question 34 2.5 / 2.5 pts This protein play a significant role in membrane fission(pinching-off vesicles);    Dynein      Myosin light-chain kinase      Dynamin      Hsp70     Incorrect Question 35 0 / 2.5 pts WHich of these is not a component of the COPII vesicle coat?    Sar1      Sec13      Sec31      Sec23
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    Question 36 2.5 / 2.5 pts Which of these mediates the recruitment of the coat proteins clathrin on the golgi?    Rho      Ras      ARF      Sar1     Question 37 2.5 / 2.5 pts Which of these Rab proteins is wrongly paired with the organelle where it is located?    Rab1 - ER      Rab4 - Recycling endosome      Rab 3A - Synaptic vesicles      Rab 7 - cilia     Question 38 2.5 / 2.5 pts
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Which of these proteins mediates the disassembly of the SNARE complex after vesicle fusion?    SNAP25      VAMP      NSF      Synaptobrevin     Question 39 2.5 / 2.5 pts Which of these amino acid sequences will promote the retrieval of a protein by COPI back to the ER membrane?    Lysine-Aspartic acid-Glutamic acid-Leucine      Lysine-Lysine-Leucine-Valine      Lysine-Glutamic acid-Serine-Valine      None of these     Question 40 2.5 / 2.5 pts The engulfment of liquid materials from the extracellular space by cells that helps maintain the fluid volume of the cell is called;   
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Phagocytosis      Exocytosis      Pinocytosis      Cytokinesis     Question 41 2.5 / 2.5 pts Which of these describes the effect of statins on cholesterol metabolism?    Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase      Statins increase the expression of LDLR      Statins decrease plasma cholesterol levels      All of these     Question 42 2.5 / 2.5 pts Which of these components of the protein system that targets ubiquitinated particles to intraluminal lysosomal vesicles mediates membrane invagination?    ESCRT I      ESCRT II
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     ESCRT III      ESCRT IV     Question 43 2.5 / 2.5 pts Which of these proteins typically undergoes transcytosis?    LDL      EGF      Transferin      IgA     Question 44 2.5 / 2.5 pts Which of these describes a protein modification that takes place in the golgi?    Sulfation of tyrosines      Phosphorylation of oligosaccharides      Addition of GlcNAc  
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   All of these     Question 45 2.5 / 2.5 pts In the golgi, this enzymes helps to distinguish high mannose oligosaccharides from complex oligosaccharides;    Glucose phosphatase      Alpha mannosidase      Endo-H      Enteropeptidase     Question 46 2.5 / 2.5 pts Which of these amino acids provides the site for O-linked glycosylation of proteins?    Aspartate      Threonine      Asparagine      Proline    
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Question 47 2.5 / 2.5 pts Which of these describes the significance of glycosylation of proteins?    To help with protein folding      Provides a coat to proteins for structural or recognition purposes      Regulation of protein functions      All of these     Question 48 2.5 / 2.5 pts The degradation of cytosolic materials that are too large for proteosomes is the process called;    Apoptosis      Pinocytosis      Autophagy      Necrosis     Question 49 2.5 / 2.5 pts Which of these serves as a tag for lysosomal hydrolases in in the golgi?   
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Glucose 6-phosphate      Galactose 6-phosphate      Fructose 6-phosphate      Mannose 6-phosphate     Question 50 2.5 / 2.5 pts Which of these pathways mediates the most distant cell-cell signaling in human metabolism?    Cell-cell contact      Paracrine      Synaptic      Endocrine   Quiz Score:  120  out of 125
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