Quiz 4 Respiratory Physiology

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Florence-Darlington Technical College *

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Apr 3, 2024

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Correct answers are hidden. Score for this quiz: 47 out of 50 Submitted Mar 2 at 10:35pm This attempt took 100 minutes. Question 1 1 / 1 pts If an area of the lung is not ventilated because of bronchial obstruction, the pulmonary capillary blood serving that area will have a Po2 that is; equal to atmospheric Po2 equal to mixed venous Po2 equal to normal systemic arterial Po2 higher than inspired Po2 lower than mixed venous Po2 Question 2 1 / 1 pts The pH of a patient whose pCO2 is 52mmHg and HCO3- is 30mmol/L is calculated to be 7.38. True False Question 3 1 / 1 pts

You are treating a hypertensive patient with diuretics, which of these diuretics are you concerned about its tendency to cause metabolic acidosis in your patient? Loop diuretics Thiazide diuretics Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors All of these Question 4 1 / 1 pts In your assessment of two patients (JP with a tidal volume of 500ml and ventilatory rate of 10breaths per minute and Becca with a tidal volume of 350ml and ventilatory rate of 25breaths per minute) presenting in the ER, JP requires immediate attention due to poorer respiratory status. True False Question 5 1 / 1 pts Which person would be expected to have the largest A–a gradient? Person with pulmonary fibrosis Person who is hypoventilating due to morphine overdose

Person at 12,000 feet above sea level Person with normal lungs breathing 50% O2 Person with normal lungs breathing 100% O2 Question 6 1 / 1 pts Only free dissolved gases produce a partial pressure in plasma. True False Question 7 1 / 1 pts A 35-year-old man has a vital capacity (VC) of 5 L, a tidal volume (Vt) of 0.5 L, an inspiratory capacity of 3.5 L, and a functional residual capacity (FRC) of 2.5 L. What is his expiratory reserve volume (ERV)? 4.5 L 3.9 L 3.6 L 3.0 L

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2.5 L 2.0 L 1.5 L Question 8 1 / 1 pts Nitrogen has a high degree of solubility in plasma with normal atmospheric pressure True False Incorrect Question 9 0 / 1 pts Which of these conditions does not usually result in a metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap? DKA Diarrhea Chronic renal failure Ethylene glycol poisoning

Question 10 1 / 1 pts The lungs diffusion capacity is generally increased in which of these conditions? Exercise Anemia Pulmonary edema Pulmonary fibrosis Question 11 1 / 1 pts This enzyme is involved in the dissolution of CO2 in plasma as HCO3-; Pyruvate kinase Hexokinase Carbonic anhydrase Acetyl-coA carboxylase Question 12 1 / 1 pts

Hyperkalemia leads to decreased intracellular pH, inhibits NH3 synthesis and renal tubular acidosis. True False Question 13 1 / 1 pts In alveolar gaseous exchange, which of these gases is diffusion-limited? Nitrous oxide CO2 CO O2 Question 14 1 / 1 pts You are evaluating a patient in the neuro ICU whose lab values reveal a pH of 7.19, arterial pCO2 of 45mmHg and HCO3- of 18.1mmol/L. The patient's diagnosis is uncompensated respiratory acidosis. True False

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Question 15 1 / 1 pts A rapid ascent to high altitudes will commonly result in hypoxia, hyperventilation, metabolic alkalosis and pulmonary edema. True False Question 16 1 / 1 pts The epithelium of which part of the respiratory tree is not ciliated? Trachea Bronchi Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar sacs Question 17 1 / 1 pts The volume of air in the respiratory tract that does not participate in gaseous exchange is called; Lung capacity Dead space

Shunting Residual volume Question 18 1 / 1 pts Asthma is characterized by hypersensitive airways, edema of the bronchial walls and increased mucus plug formation in the airways. True False Question 19 1 / 1 pts Which volume remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration? Tidal volume (Vt) Vital capacity (VC) Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) Residual volume (RV) Functional residual capacity (FRC)

Inspiratory capacity Total lung capacity Question 20 1 / 1 pts Which volume remains in the lungs after a tidal volume (Vt) is expired? Tidal volume (Vt) Vital capacity (VC) Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) Residual volume (RV) Functional residual capacity (FRC) Inspiratory capacity Total lung capacity Question 21 1 / 1 pts

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A 49-year-old man has a pulmonary embolism that completely blocks blood flow to his left lung. As a result, which of the following will occur? Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio in the left lung will be zero Systemic arterial Po2 will be elevated V/Q ratio in the left lung will be lower than in the right lung Alveolar Po2 in the left lung will be approximately equal to the Po2 in inspired air Alveolar Po2 in the right lung will be approximately equal to the Po2 in venous blood Question 22 1 / 1 pts Pulse oximetry is a technique used to measure this parameter; Arterial PO2 Arterial O2 saturation Alveolar PO2 Arterial PCO2 Question 23 1 / 1 pts

Giving hyperbaric oxygen to a blue bloater significantly improves the patient's breathing and leads to a quicker recovery. True False Question 24 1 / 1 pts Which of these receptors involved in regulating breathing produces a decrease in breathing rate when activated? J receptors Irritant receptors Lung stretch receptors Joint and muscle receptors Question 25 1 / 1 pts These favor a left-shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve except; Increased pH Increased H+ concentration

Decreased Temperature Decreased 2,3 BPG Question 26 1 / 1 pts Which of these structures is responsible for turning off inspiration by limiting the burst of action potentials in the phrenic nerve? Peripheral chemoreceptors Pneumotaxic center Apneustic center Ventral respiratory neurons Question 27 1 / 1 pts Which of these patients is most likely to have atelectasis? alveolar pressure = +5 cm H 2 O and intrapleural pressure = −5 cm H 2 O airway pressure = 0 and intrapleural pressure = −5 cm H 2 O airway pressure = +15 cm H 2 O and intrapleural pressure = +20 cm H 2 O

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All of these Question 28 1 / 1 pts In a baby who was born at 30 weeks of gestation, there is a low lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio due to a reactive proliferation of the type I alveolar pneumocytes. True False Question 29 1 / 1 pts In a patient with DKA and increased fixed acid production, which of these enzymes' synthesis and activity is increased to produce more NH3 for excreting the h+? Carbonic anhydrase Glutaminase Hexokinase Thymidylate synthase Question 30 1 / 1 pts A 42-year-old woman with severe pulmonary fibrosis is evaluated by her physician and has the following arterial blood gases: pH = 7.48, PaO2 = 55 mm Hg, and PaCO2 = 32 mm Hg. Which statement best explains the observed value of PaCO2?

The increased pH stimulates breathing via peripheral chemoreceptors The increased pH stimulates breathing via central chemoreceptors The decreased PaO2 inhibits breathing via peripheral chemoreceptors The decreased PaO2 stimulates breathing via peripheral chemoreceptors The decreased PaO2 stimulates breathing via central chemoreceptors Question 31 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is true during inspiration? Intrapleural pressure is positive The volume in the lungs is less than the functional residual capacity (FRC) Alveolar pressure equals atmospheric pressure Alveolar pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure Intrapleural pressure is more negative than it is during expiration Question 32 1 / 1 pts

The pH of venous blood is only slightly more acidic than the pH of arterial blood because CO2 is a weak base there is no carbonic anhydrase in venous blood the H+ generated from CO2 and H2O is buffered by HCO3– in venous blood the H+ generated from CO2 and H2O is buffered by deoxyhemoglobin in venous blood oxyhemoglobin is a better buffer for H+ than is deoxyhemoglobin Question 33 1 / 1 pts A person with a ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) defect has hypoxemia and is treated with supplemental O2. The supplemental O2 will be most helpful if the person's predominant V/Q defect is; dead space shunt high V/Q low V/Q V/Q = 0

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V/Q = ∞ Incorrect Question 34 0 / 1 pts In a patient with pulmonary arteritis and loss of pulmonary capillaries, the suspected ventilation to perfusion ratio will be decreased due to an increase in pulmonary dead space. True False Question 35 1 / 1 pts Which of these does not constitute a fixed acid and does not need to be buffered before its excretion? Sulfuric acid CO2 Phosphoric acid Acetoacetic acid Incorrect Question 36 0 / 1 pts In the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, a rightward shift is associated with;

increased P50 increased affinity of hemoglobin for O2 impaired ability to unload O2 in the tissues increased O2-carrying capacity of hemoglobin decreased O2-carrying capacity of hemoglobin Question 37 1 / 1 pts Which of the following causes of hypoxia is characterized by a decreased arterial Po2 and an increased A–a gradient? Hypoventilation Right-to-left cardiac shunt Anemia Carbon monoxide poisoning Ascent to high altitude

Question 38 1 / 1 pts A 12-year-old boy has a severe asthmatic attack with wheezing. He experiences rapid breathing and becomes cyanotic. His arterial Po2 is 60 mm Hg and his Pco2 is 30 mm Hg. To treat this patient, the physician should administer An α1-adrenergic antagonist A β1-adrenergic antagonist A β2-adrenergic agonist A muscarinic agonist nicotinic agonist Question 39 1 / 1 pts In the transport of CO2 from the tissues to the lungs, which of the following occurs in venous blood? Conversion of CO2 and H2O to H+ and HCO3− in the red blood cells (RBCs) Buffering of H+ by oxyhemoglobin Shifting of HCO3− into the RBCs from plasma in exchange for Cl− Binding of HCO3− to hemoglobin

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Alkalinization of the RBCs Question 40 1 / 1 pts A 62-year-old man at sea level breaths a gas mixture containing 21% O2. He has the following arterial blood gas values: PaO2 = 60 mm Hg PaCO2 = 70 mm Hg Which of the following is the cause of his hypoxemia? Hypoventilation Fibrosis V/Q defect Right-to-left shunt Anemia Question 41 1 / 1 pts Which of the following lung volumes or capacities can be measured by spirometry? Functional residual capacity (FRC) Physiologic dead space Residual volume (RV)

Total lung capacity (TLC) Vital capacity (VC) Question 42 1 / 1 pts In a patient with asthma, the administration of an anticholinergic drug will induce an attack due to increased bronchoconstriction and vasoconstriction. True False Question 43 1 / 1 pts The proportion of oxygen in inspired air in Lynchburg is about 78.09%, making oxygen the most important gas for humans. True False Question 44 1 / 1 pts You are evaluating a patient with this lab result - arterial blood pH is 7.25, pCO2 is 24 mm Hg, and HCO3− is 10.2 mEq/L, an unlikely diagnosis of this patient will be; Severe diarrhea

Aspirin(Salicylate) poisoning Chronic renal failure COPD Question 45 1 / 1 pts Compared with the systemic circulation, the pulmonary circulation has a; higher blood flow lower resistance higher arterial pressure higher capillary pressure higher cardiac output Question 46 1 / 1 pts In a patient with severe pulmonary fibrosis (a restrictive airway disease), these lung volume alterations are all expected features – decreased total lung capacity, decreased FEV1/FVC ratio, increased residual capacity and decrease peak expiratory flow rate. True

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False Question 47 1 / 1 pts The significance of the surfactant produced in the alveoli is to; Increase the rate of oxygen delivery to the alveoli Increase surface tension in the alveoli and expand the lungs Decrease surface tension in the alveoli and expand the lungs Prevent the rupture of alveolar sacs Question 48 1 / 1 pts Which of these is not included as an unmeasured anion in the anion gap estimation? Citrate Phospahte Proteins Chloride

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Question 49 1 / 1 pts Which of these causes of respiratory acidosis does not result from the inhibition of the medullary respiratory center? Oxygen therapy Central sleep apnea Opiates use Pneumonia Question 50 1 / 1 pts If a person's arterial blood has a pH of 7.22 and pCO2 of 20 mm Hg, what is the HCO 3− concentration? 7.9mEq/L 10mEq/L 24mEq/L 13mEq/L Quiz Score: 47 out of 50 PREVIOUS NEXT

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Quiz 4 Respiratory Physiology

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