#01_History_of_Life_Diffusion

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Dec 6, 2023

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Bio 1500 Worksheet: History of Life - Deep Time & Diffusion Take your own notes (use the pause button!) while watching the recorded lectures on Deep Time and Diffusion. In addition, type your answers to the following questions into this worksheet. When you are finished, 1) save this worksheet into a folder on your computer, so that you can easily access it later to study, and 2) go to the Canvas submission portal and enter your answers to the questions into the text boxes, and then submit the assignment. You are encouraged to complete steps 1 and 2 (above) separately, allowing a day or two between them: review your answers on the worksheet before entering them into Canvas. Spreading the assignment over a couple of days and reviewing your answers prior to submission will enhance both your understanding and remembering of the content! The online worksheets are graded based on completion, not whether your answers are correct. Do your best, but don’t stress about the answers. Part 1. History of Life – Deep time. Watch the Video "History of Life" on Panopto and work on the following questions. 1. Which of the 'milestones' mentioned in the video did you find interesting or astonishing? Write down two or three and a sentence or two why for each. The milestone I found the most astonishing was certainly just how quickly forms of life began appearing after the molten on Earth cooled down. I also thought it was extremely interesting that dragonflies appeared on Earth before dinosaurs did. When people picture the first forms animals of animals on this planet, often they automatically think of Dinosaurs, so the fact that dragonflies came first, though they looked different, really caught me by surprise. 2. Think of the concept of deep time. How would you describe the distribution of events over time? Are they evenly distributed? If not, how then? No, the distribution of events is not evenly distributed in a linear fashion. The big bang occurred, forming the universe, and the Earth and moon didn’t form for another 9 billion years. Then another billion or so years passed before the oldest rocks, fossils and signs of life were believed to come. Then only 590 million years ago the first animals began to roam the earth. 3. The History of Life lecture gave you a number of dates that your instructor thinks are important to know. The exact times are not important, but you should have a good idea about the order of magnitude, e.g., whether cyanobacteria evolved 2.5 vs 2.7 billion years ago is not important, but you should know that it was not 2.5 million years ago, or 6 billion years ago. After studying this material, you should be able to answer questions like the following, which have been taken from old tests. Q1. According to scientific evidence, approximately how long ago did Earth form? a. 900 million years ago b. 13.7 billion years ago

Bio 1500 c. 4.6 million years ago d. 4.6 billion years ago e. 1.2 million years ago Q2. For how long did Dinosaurs roam on Earth? a. less that 40 million years b. about 100 thousand years c. about 2 billion years d. about 165 million years e. about 300 million years Part 2. Diffusion Watch the Video "Diffusion" on Panopto and work on the following questions. 1. Describe in 1-2 sentences what happens overall to the orange particles on the screen. Where do they end, compared to where they began? Describe these positions in the context of concentration gradients. The orange particles began on the left side of the screen, but they dispersed throughout the entire space, mixing with the blue particles. 2. Observe the traced particle. Which choice describes its behavior best? (highlight your choice) A. it moves randomly as it bounces off other particles or the wall B. it moves in a directed fashion from left (=high concentration) to right (=low concentration) 3. Individual particles move randomly. Nevertheless, the group of particles redistributed themselves in a way that resulted in a net movement of orange particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Given that particles move randomly, why do we observe a predictable pattern in the overall movement of the group of particles? To explore this… a. Predict from which side the next orange particle will pass the membrane: (highlight your choice) A. left-to-right B. right-to-left b. Were you correct? Yes. 4. How do particles behave when equilibrium has been reached?

Bio 1500 The individual particles continue to move, and cross the membrane as they did, however the probably changes to an equal 50/50 of particles moving right to left and left to right to keep the equilibrium. However, net movement stops. 5. There are limits the usefulness of diffusion in biological processes. What limitations can you think of? A limitation can be the direct relationship that distance has on time in this process. If the distance doubles for diffusion, then the time to diffuse quadruples. If there is 10x the distance, there is 100x the time it would take to diffuse. Therefore, in large cells, diffusion is not useful. 6. How does random movement of individual particles result in predictable movement form high to low concentrations? Explain in 3-4 sentences. Come up with your own words: don’t copy your notes. Random movement of individual particles results in predictable movements from high to low concentrations because there is a high likelihood that more particles mean more movement to spread out since these particles are constantly moving. There is a higher likelihood of for example, the orange particles to pass the membrane into the less concentrated side, from left to right. In the three examples shown of this demonstration, the predictability of net movement was always high concentration to low concentration. The same cannot be said for individual particle movement, however. Save this document on your computer so that you can return to it later to study. Go to the questions in the Canvas quiz and enter the answers you have typed here, then submit the assignment. Remember that points are based on completion rather than correctness.

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