Blood Glucose and Heart Rate: Pre-Lab Data Analysis Guide

Pre-Lab(due @beginning of lab) First and Last Name: ____________________________ 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Fig 1. Blood glucose levels in response to water or gatorade Water Gatorade Time (min) Blood Glucose (mmol/L) Exemplar Figure Legend for Fig. 1 with components highlighted: Scope, experiment, data presentation, results, and statistical information 1. Use the example from Figure and Legend 1. In your own words, describe what is meant by a. Scope: Background information that explains what the experiment is about b. Experiment What was done during the operation and what treatment was applied c. Data presentation Graphs and information that explain the conclusions and data Germs Everywhere Part 4

Germs Everywhere Part 4 Data Analysis Page 2 of 13 d. Results What the end result of everything was e. Statistical information Information that has been collected and sorted 2. Use the above figure legend to CIRCLE AND LABEL the portions that relate to the following terms. If any are missing, explain what should be added to the legend. a. Scope Is not included, should include the correlation between the heart rate and the treatment b. Experiment Is included c. Data presentation- Not included, d. Results Not included, the results definitely need to be included e. Statistical information No Drug noradrenalin proporanolol noradrenalin + proporanolol 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Heart Rate reponse to noradrenalin and proporanolol Drug Heart Rate (bpm)

Germs Everywhere Part 4 Data Analysis Page 3 of 13 Included above

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Germs Everywhere Part 4 Data Analysis Page 4 of 13 I. COLLECTING YOUR DATA Do not open the ziplock bag Remember these are live bacteria cultures. We have no idea what type of bacteria has grown – it could be pathogenic. Care must be taken to avoid contact with the cultures. You can maneuver the plates to see what is in them through the bag, WITHOUT opening it. During all data collection, you should always be thinking about how you can avoid bias. Are you gathering your data in any way that could impact your results? If so, this could degrade the value of the science you are doing by impacting your reliability of your results. Potential sources of bias will differ depending on your study design. Prior to beginning data collection, discuss the ways you could bias your results and how to avoid them. Call your TA over to help if necessary. You might find that you need to be more specific in the dependent variable that you chose during your experimental design. Cell phone cameras should be used to capture images of the work you do (data collection procedures, colonies on plates, etc.) for use in your final report. Such images can be very helpful in effectively communicating your methods and results to others. Data collection can be tedious. Divide roles so that everyone can be involved and help, but be sure to keep the same roles the entire time (changing cell counters can be a source of error in your counts). Record your data on the sheet provided. It should be neat and legible to others. At least one dependent variable must be quantitative (numbers) Plate #: Group (Exp, Control, +Ctl, -Ctl) Dependent Variable #1 (what is being measured): _______________ Dependent Variable #2 (what is being measured): _______________ Dependent Variable #3 (what is being measured): _______________ 1 Aggie one card How much bacteria 2 Bottom of shoe How much bacteria 3 Computer keyboard How much bacteria 4 5 6 7 8 Positive control

Germs Everywhere Part 4 Data Analysis Page 5 of 13 After you have gathered all necessary data and taken pictures, you can discard your plates in the biohazard bag. II. ANALYZING YOUR DATA II.1 If appropriate, calculate the mean and standard deviation for your data. See this video for instructions to calculate Mean and Standard Deviation using Excel. https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=mhQiJixujEI Mean Standard Deviation Control Group or Experimental Group 1 Experimental Group 2 REPORTING YOUR RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS To effectively communicate experimental results, the results must be as clear and as easy to understand as possible. A good way to do this is to visualize your results with charts and graphs. For detailed instructions on how to create these visuals for your presentation in addition to calculating means and standard deviations using Microsoft Excel, see the handout “An introduction to Microsoft Excel.”

Germs Everywhere Part 4 Data Analysis Page 6 of 13 V. COMMUNICATING YOUR EXPERIMENT – Flowchart of Methods To effectively communicate experimental results, you must first be able to effectively convey the experimental design. When you write a formal laboratory report or a research paper, you must include step by step instructions so that someone else could repeat your experiment. When communicating orally, however, a brief visual is preferred. Create a flowchart of your experimental design using the following tools to help you: Are there more bacteria on an internal or external door handle? Can hand sanitizer effectively sanitize the laboratory benchtop? Control group: Benchtop without sanitizer Benchtop with sanitizer Exp Group 1: Internal Doors Exp Group 2: External Doors Squirt 5ml sanitizer on benchtop, wipe with paper towel for 30s

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Germs Everywhere Part 4 Data Analysis Page 7 of 13 Count # colonies on each plate IV: handle side Swab 20 streaks across entire handle Swab LB Agar Plates (1 plate per door handle) Incubate 1 week Room Temp DV: # colonies Constant or Controlled Variables Count % area of plate covered by colonies IV: sanitizer Swab three 4”x4” sections of benchtop for each group Swab LB Agar Plate Incubate 1 week Room Temp DV: % Area Constant or Controlled Variables 3 Internal Door Handles 3 External Door Handles

Germs Everywhere Part 4 Data Analysis Page 8 of 13 VI. COMMUNICATING YOUR EXPERIMENT - RESULTS Draw a graph of your data and discuss your analysis with your TA. You should make the simplest graph that still includes all of your data. For example, you must include bars for positive and negative controls individually (do not average these). However, you can graph the mean of your experimental groups and add error bars to represent the standard deviation. Include an overall title, axes titles and labels. If you prefer to draw your graph using excel, no problem. You just need to upload your graph to blackboard IN THE SAME SUBMISSION as this document: .

Germs Everywhere Part 4 Data Analysis Page 9 of 13 VI Create a figure legend for your graph. a. Title– The title of a figure legend should describe the figure, clearly and succinctly. A strong title is often written in active voice, and may summarize the result or major finding that you are drawing from the data in the figure (e.g., XX compound inhibits the growth of lung cancer cells). Titles may also be a descriptive phrase instead of a complete sentence, often stating type of analysis used (e.g., Flow cytometry analysis of CCR5-expressing cells.) b. Method – One to two sentences (very brief) describing what you were comparing. Include your sample size (how many replicates per group). c. Results – One to two sentences describing what you found. This should include specific values for mean and standard deviation. For example, “We observed more bacterial colonies grown from swabs on the door handle (mean 24 ± 5) than from swabs from the table (mean 12 ± 8). Define the error bars on your graph (e.g. standard deviation) Write your figure legend here:

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Germs Everywhere Part 4 Data Analysis Page 10 of 13 VII Write your conclusions to your experiment. Refer back to your hypothesis. Did you results support or refute your hypothesis? Remember, as scientists, some of the most important discoveries have come when our results do NOT support our hypothesis. So we don’t want to have bias in our interpretation. You will not be judged on the results of your experiment, even if you completely screwed up. You will be evaluated on how you explain your results and the depth of your interpretation of your results. Be sure to explain all parts of your data…not just the “easy-to-explain” parts. VIII Write the limitations to your experiment. Did your anticipated positive and negative control turn out as expected? If not, this impacts how you can interpret your data, and you need to explain that impact. Were there large variabilities in your replicates? If so, why might that be? Were there technical challenges to your data? How do these limitations impact your interpretation of the data?

Germs Everywhere Part 4 Data Analysis Page 11 of 13 IX. Extend your conclusions . Can your finding be generalized beyond this single experiment? Why or why not? For example, if you found more bacteria on the door handle than the table, is this likely to be true of all door handles versus all tables? If not, what conditions might apply? All lab door handles versus all lab tables? Or just Biology lab door handles versus Biology lab tables? What about just BIOL 101 lab door handles / tables? What makes sense based on your data? What does this data mean to you and your everyday life? Consider washing your hands more frequently? What about where you consider putting food and drink? Think deeply on these extensions. X. Write suggested improvements to your experiment . No experiment is ever perfect. There are always things that can be improved. Think about not only technical improvements (eg. Human error), but more importantly, experimental design. If you had to do your experiment over again with unlimited resources, what would you do differently?

Germs Everywhere Part 4 Data Analysis Page 12 of 13 You now have images and graphs to help convey what you did and what you found in your experiment. Common ways that scientific studies are reported to the broader scientific community include written manuscripts and presentations, which can be oral presentations or posters. Each lab group will give an oral presentation. 1. Write down each group member’s name and the portion of the oral or written presentation that he/she is responsible for. Ideally, one partner will do everything for Germs Everywhere 1, and the other partner will do everything for Germs Everywhere 2. If there are 3 people in the group, one person should do intro and methods for both GE1 and GE2, one person does results and discussion for GE1 and the 3 rd person does results and discussion for GE2. 2. Plan to critique each other’s work. 3. Create a shared google drive folder with all group members to have editing access. Upload images of your plates and graphs immediately. (From Germs Everywhere 2 and 4) 4. Make a timeline for when each person will complete a draft of their section and set up a time to meet outside of class to work on your report or presentation. If you are assigned Oral Presentation: Group #: ____________ Lab Member Name Lab Member Email and Phone Germs Everywhere 1 Introduction and Methods Germs Everywhere 2 Results and Discussion Germs Everywhere 3 Introduction and Methods Germs Everywhere 4 Results and Discussion Rubric: # points per cell Would an excellent example look like? Introduction: Background Extensive background information familiarizes audience with the subject and creates common ground. Introduction: Question Question clearly identifies a problem that needs to be solved in a very specific manner Introduction: Hypothesis Hypothesis proposes a specific answer to the question that addresses a problem, solution, is testable, and is falsifiable. Rationale for the hypothesis is given Introduction: Prediction Prediction includes a specific action that directly tests the hypothesis and predicts an evidence-based (measurable) outcome Methods: Experimental Design Method is visually represented by a flow chart that is neat, clear, and easy to follow Methods: Independent Variable Independent variable(s) are correct and clearly described Methods: Dependent Variables Dependent variables (what is observed or measured) are clearly identified and appropriate for the experiment

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Germs Everywhere Part 4 Data Analysis Page 13 of 13 Methods: Constant Variables Constant Variables are fully and clearly identified Methods: Control Group and Experimental Group(s) Control and Experimental Group(s) are clearly identified and appropriate for the experiment Methods: Controls Design includes clearly identified, appropriate positive / negative controls. If controls are not used, an explanation is provided of what controls should be used. Methods: Replicates / Randomization Replication and randomization are identified and appropriate for the experiment Results: Figures Data is organized into tables and/or graphs that have legends and appropriate titles and axes. Expected data from experimental design are present Results: Description and Analysis Results are clearly, concisely, and accurately described. Figures as well as other data are explained, including a statement of how the independent variable affected the dependent variable. Results: Replicates Differences between replicates are clearly identified in some way. If replicates show large variability, some attempt to explain why should be given. Discussion: Conclusions Conclusions are logical, clear, and appropriately supported by the data. A statement is provided of whether these findings can be applied to a larger population (broader impact) Discussion: Extension Discussion extends beyond a simple restating of the data to address implications of the data and future experiments Discussion: Limitations 2-3 limitations of the experiment are addressed along with potential alternative interpretations Discussion: Improvements Recommended improvements are appropriate or unneeded References References are appropriately cited at time of use, rather than simply listed at the end Teamwork Evidence of teamwork is clearly present, with all members sharing responsibility equally during the experiment, analysis, and presentation / report Oral Presentation Style*** loud, clear, good eye contact, equal distribution of speaking among group members Written Report Style*** Extensive background information familiarizes audience with the subject and creates common ground. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- sa/4.0/deed.en_US . When using or modifying this document please provide attribution to Robert Denton, Matthew Holding, and the Center for Life Sciences Education at The Ohio State University

Germs Everywhere Part 4_2020

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