Peppered Moth Activity Using Explore Learning - WALTON

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Dec 6, 2023

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Name: ISABELLA WALTON_________________________________________________________________ Small Scale Evolution: The Peppered Moth Read the article: https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/how-moth-went-dark-side The theory of evolution by natural selection states that when there is a variety of organisms present, some may be more likely to survive and leave offspring than others. Over many generations, the "fitter" organisms will become more common, while other varieties may die out. One of the most well-known cases of natural selection is the story of the common peppered moth, Biston bistularia , in England. The peppered moth has two varieties, a speckled gray form and a dark form. Before the industrial revolution took place during the mid-1800s, most trees in England were covered by lichens that lightened their trunks. At the same time, the most common form of the peppered moth was the speckled gray variety. During the Industrial Revolution however, air pollution killed many of the lichens, and tree trunks were darkened by soot. Also during the Industrial Revolution, the speckled gray form of the moths became less common, while the darker variety thrived. Was there a connection between the two events? Directions: In this activity, you will play the role of a bird hunting moths on trees with light and dark colored bark. You will determine which type of moth thrives in these environments over time. 1. Go to explorelearning.com 2. Once logged on, find the “Natural Selection” gizmo and launch it. 3. Setting Up the Gizmo:  Make sure that the Light Tree is selected  Click on the “Table” tab so you can see what is happening. 4. Click “start” to hunt. There are both light and dark moths on the tree. To “hunt” the moth, click on it with your mouse. When you’ve eaten everything you can see on one tree, click “Next Tree” and keep hunting until the year runs out. Keep going through all 5 years, recording your data in the tables below. 5. Repeat with the Dark Tree

Table 1: Moths Captured on Light Colored Trees Year # Light Moths Caught # Dark Moths Caught % of Light Moths Left in Total Remaining Population % of Dark Moths Left in Total Remaining Population 1 1 5 56 44 2 1 4 60 40 3 7 7 65 35 4 2 7 77 23 5 2 6 91 9

Table 2: Moths Captured on Dark Colored Trees Year # Light Moths Caught # Dark Moths Caught % of Light Moths Left in Total Remaining Population % of Dark Moths Left in Total Remaining Population 1 7 1 41 59 2 8 3 28 72 3 5 4 19 81 4 5 2 9 91

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5 4 2 0 100 Questions: 1. Which type of moth has a natural advantage on light trees? Which type has the advantage on dark trees? The light moths have an advantage on light trees and the dark moths have advantages on dark trees. 2. Why did these population trends occur? Did any individual moths change their coloration, or can these trends be explained by the effects of predation and reproduction alone? Because blending in with the tree lowered the risk of predator attacks. No moths changed their colors, even though they usually do. 3. What effect would the changes in moth population have on predators? The demographic of moths that don’t blend with the color tree will decrease, eventually decreasing the mount of predators that visit. 4. How does this activity relate to the theory of natural selection? Explain in your own words.

That Adaptation Evolution can possibly determine an organism’s life.

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