BIOL 3053 Lab 8 Assignment (Winter 2022)

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Memorial University of Newfoundland *

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Dec 6, 2023

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Memorial University of Newfoundland Department of Biology Biology 3053 Lab 8 Assignment YEASTS AND MOLDS, MICROFLORA OF SKIN (HANDWASHING), MICROFLORA IN THE ENVIRONMENT Winter 2022 Name: Julie Hollahan Student #: 201311107 General Instructions: Type your name and student number in the above spaces. This assignment is due March 28, 2022 and is worth 2% of your lab grade . Read each question carefully. Type your answers in the space provided. When completed save your document as a pdf file and upload it into the Lab 8 Assignment Folder under Assessments – Assignments in the Brightspace shell. Once uploaded no changes to the assignment can be made. If you experience technical difficulties, contact the client Support Team of the Centre for Innovation in Teaching and Learning at www.citl.mun.ca/support Notice from Memorial University: You agree to the following; “All members of the Memorial University of Newfoundland community, including students, faculty, and staff, shall treat others with respect and fairness, be responsible and honest, and uphold the highest standards of academic integrity. 1

By submitting this assignment, I unequivocally state that all work is entirely my own and does not violate Memorial University's Academic Integrity policy.” OTHER INSTRUCTIONS : 1. As you go through the lab exercises, have your textbook and the appendices required for this lab available as these sources may help you to do the written assignment. 2. DO NOT copy and paste information from the lab or other material when answering your questions! This will be considered plagiarism and you will receive a grade of zero with possible further disciplinary action as per the University Calendar. Type your assignment in your own words ! 3. Read each question carefully and put your answers in the space provided. The spaces assigned for each question was just arbitrarily set to divide up the questions in the worksheet. You may use more or less of that space. 4. SAVE your document frequently. Once completed, save your assignment as a PDF document and upload your assignment to the Assignment Folder entitled “ Lab 8 Assignment ” in the pull down menu under Assessments. 5. If you have any questions, please contact your lab instructor through Brightspace OR through email: Sylvia at sbartle@mun.ca ; Kate at katecarson@mun.ca or Elizabeth at ediegor@mun.ca . 2

EXERCISE 16: YEAST AND MOLDS 1. (a) Draw 3-5 cells from your slide of the Saccharomyces . (b) Draw the sporangia/conidia, sporangia/conidia-bearing structures, and hyphae of each of the following as observed from the plates, wet mounts and prepared slides: Colony colour (from the plate) (c) (i) Draw the appearance of your exposed trypticase soy agar plate. 3

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(ii) How many different types of bacteria? (Estimate based on appearance and colour) (iii) How many different types of molds? 2. List the principal differences in yeast cells as compared with bacterial cells. (4 marks) Yeast Cells Bacterial Cells 3. What are the three types of fungal infection? Where (in/on the body) would you expect to find them? (1.5 mark) 4. a) What is a ringworm or medically called “tinea”? (1 mark) b) Give the medical term for a fungal infection of the following: (2 marks) i) scalp: ii) body: iii) feet: iv) nails: 5. What are dimorphic molds? (0.5 mark) 6. Why are antibiotics frequently added to Sabouraud agar for isolation of fungi from clincial samples? (1 mark) 7. How long may specimens be left before culturing and why should they not be left for longer than this? (1 mark) 8. From this laboratory exercise, what are some characteristics that are used to differentiate fungi from one another? (1 mark) 4

9. What are the types of examination that is done on a culture once it has been cultured? (1 mark) 10. Why are fungal infections difficult to treat? (1 mark) EXERCISE 17A: MICROFLORA OF SKIN (HANDWASHING) 1 . Your observations for this Table should indicate whether this sector of the TSA plate contained Bacteria and/or Fungi, whether there were different types, based on appearance only, and the count of the number of types of colonies of each present. Do not count vast numbers. Use “TNTC” which means “too numerous to count”, but do indicate if numbers are increasing, or decreasing from sector to sector. Sector #1 Sector #2 Sector #3 Sector #4 Washing with Water Washing with Scrub 2. Given that each of hands received the same treatment (contamination) prior to commencing the experiment, what conclusion can you come to on the effectiveness of washing your hands with just water before treating a patient? (1 mark) Conclusion: 3. What conclusion can you come to on the effectiveness of washing your hands with a scrub before treating a patient? (1 mark) Conclusion: 4. Differentiate between resident and transient bacteria. (1 mark) 5. Most of the resident microorganisms found in the skin are __________________________ and __________________________. (1 mark) 6. Where can healthcare professionals pick up transient microbes and what effect can this have on your patients? (0.5 mark) 5

7. While the removal of transient bacteria may take 6-15 minutes of scrubbing, this is too long a time between patients. What is normally used between patients and is it always practised? (0.5 mark) 8. How can removal of all bacteria by handwashing be prevented? (1 mark) 9. How are normal skin flora helpful to the host (e.g. you)? (1 mark) EXERCISE 17B: MICROFLORA IN THE ENVIRONMENT 1. Record your Results and Observations for Plates 1, 2 and 3. Plate 1 : From the body Source Total Number of Colonies Types of Colonies (Number & Colour) Scalp Face Plates 2 and 3 : From the inanimate environment Source Total Number of Colonies Types of Colonies (Number & Colour) 6

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2. Why were 37°C and room temperature chosen as the incubation temperatures? (1 mark) 3. What general conclusions can you draw regarding the distribution and kinds of microorganisms (bacteria or fungi) taken from different environments? (1 mark) 4. List and describe 4 ways you will try to control microorganisms in your daily nursing practice. (2 marks) 7

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