Page 5.1.4 Great Experimental Design

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Module Five (5): Science in Action Page 5.1.4 Great Experimental Design MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTION What does the Conclusion section of your course project require you to do? defend your opinions report on famous experiments form a testable hypothesis analyze data from a research study Correct. Your course project requires you to develop a scientific hypothesis related to your research issue and describe how it might be tested. 3 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS > What was Mendel’s experimental question? Why do offspring look similar to their parents? Why are some peas green and others yellow? How does inheritance work? Why do some traits skip generations? Correct. By focusing on a specific type of plant (pea plants) and one specific trait (pea color), Mendel could predict an answer to his question.

3 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS <|> What is one way a question can be unsuitable for experimental research? It doesn’t ask something new. Its language is too complicated. Its subject is too specific. Its scope is too broad. Correct. When a question is overly broad and unfocused, researchers cannot predict the experimental outcomes. 3 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS < In what way was Mendel’s research question suitably focused? It focused on inheritance. It focused on the monastery gardens. It focused on plants, not animals. It focused on a specific type of plant. Correct. Narrowing his focus to inheritance of one trait in just one type of plant provided Mendel with a good foundation for his hypothesis and experiment.

2 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS > What was Mendel's hypothesis? Plants with no dominant genes for a trait will express the recessive trait. Plants have certain traits that have “skipped” generations. Plants inherit traits from their parents at random. Plants receive one gene for a trait from each of their parents. Correct. Mendel hypothesized that plants inherit one gene from each of their parents and that the combination of these two genes determine the visible expression of that trait. 2 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS < What did Mendel predict about pea plants? They would display entirely new genes for pea color. They would produce more peas with the recessive color. They would die before producing any peas. They would produce more peas with the dominant color. Correct. Mendel predicted that the plants would produce more peas with the dominant color. For instance, if yellow peas were dominant to green peas, the plants would produce more yellow peas.

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2 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS What data did Mendel need to collect to test his predictions? the number of total peas produced the number of flowers pollinated the number of peas per pod the number of yellow and green peas Correct. The amounts of each pea color from each cross were directly relevant to Mendel’s predictions and would either support or challenge his hypothesis. 2 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS < What was the design of Mendel’s pea plant experiment? cross-pollinating plants and observing the colors of their offspring cross-pollinating plants and recording how long the offspring lived growing new pea plants from seeds and comparing them randomly planting pea plants in different kinds of soil and observing their colors Correct. The design of Mendel's experiment was very simple: he cross-pollinated plants to observe their offspring.

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTION According to Mendel’s hypothesis, why did the first generation of pea plants all produce yellow peas? They all had a green parent plant. They were cross-pollinated. They had at least one dominant gene. They only had genes for yellow peas. Correct. Because all of the first-generation offspring had one gene for the dominant trait (yellow peas), that was the color they expressed. 3 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS > Which is an effective experimental research question? Are greenhouse gases bad for the environment? Should companies be held to mandatory “green” environmental standards? Can lowering carbon emissions reduce ocean acidification? What can be done to reverse climate change? Correct. By focusing on a specific, measurable topic (carbon emissions) and on one measurable aspect (acidification) of one part of the environment (the ocean), this question could effectively guide experimental research.

3 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS <[> Which of these statements is a hypothesis? Tourism impacts the amount of animal species in the Caribbean. The government should pay for genetic research. Nuclear energy is too costly to be practical. Electric vehicles are great inventions. Correct. This statement is a hypothesis because there are several conceivable ways to predict, measure, and collect data about the impact of tourism on biodiversity. 3 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS < Consider this statement: Limiting the number of tourists who visit a nature preserve in Puerto Rico will lead to an increase in its species diversity. What makes this an effective experimental prediction? It challenges social norms. It simplifies an issue. It can be tested with data. It has a broad focus. Correct. Because this statement can be supported or refuted by data, it is an effective experimental prediction.

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SHORT-ANSWER QUESTION How might the example of Mendel's experiments influence the way you investigate your research question? You could do an investigation like Mendel's by cutting down the research question, planning a simple experiment, and coming up with clear rules that explain the results. Posted moments ago. m

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