bird and skulls-1

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Feb 20, 2024

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Station 1: Foots and foods 1: For each beak specimen, write down what you think the bird most likely would have had for dinner (aka its diet). Add why you came to that conclusion. Short and Stout Beak:  Diet: Seeds and nuts.  Reasoning: Birds with short, stout beaks are often adapted for cracking open hard seeds and nuts. Finches and sparrows, for example, typically have such beaks and mainly feed on seeds. Long and Pointed Beak:  Diet: Insects and small prey.  Reasoning: Birds with long and pointed beaks, such as kingfishers and herons, are designed for catching fish, insects, and other small aquatic prey. Curved Beak:  Diet: Nectar and pollen.  Reasoning: Birds with curved beaks like hummingbirds are specialized for sipping nectar from flowers. Their beaks are designed to fit into long, tubular flowers, and they have a diet primarily based on nectar 2: Based on the foot shape, what type of habitat do you think they are adapted for? Explain why. Webbed Feet:  Habitat: Aquatic environments, such as lakes, rivers, and wetlands.  Reasoning: Birds with webbed feet, like ducks and swans, have feet that are adapted for swimming and paddling in the water. Their webbed toes make it easier for them to move through aquatic habitats. Talon-Sharp Feet:  Habitat: Predatory habitats, such as forests or open grasslands.  Reasoning: Birds of prey, like eagles and hawks, have sharp talons on their feet, which they use to grasp and catch prey. They are adapted for hunting in open areas and forests.

Long, Slender Legs:  Habitat: Wading habitats, such as marshes, swamps, and shallow water bodies.  Reasoning: Birds with long, slender legs, like herons and flamingos, are adapted for wading in shallow water. Their long legs enable them to walk in water without sinking. Strong, Three-Toed Feet:  Habitat: Perching habitats, such as trees and branches.  Reasoning: Birds that have strong, three-toed feet, like songbirds and woodpeckers, are adapted for perching on tree branches. Their feet are designed for grasping and clinging to surfaces. Station 2: Local birds near you 3: Identify key features that allows you to identify the birds. Be as specific as possible.  Bad example: It is blue, has feathers, 2 feet, and a beak.  Good example: It has a red comb on top of its head, a red under chin (is called a wattle), light orange neck plumage, dark orange back, dark green breast and tail, and brown with green wings. Gray feet with 3 front toes and one angled towards the back. (btw, this is my description of a rooster) House Sparrow: small size (5.5-6.3 inches), male: Gray crown, black bib, brownish-gray back, female: Mottled brown with no black bib, conical bill for seed-cracking, pinkish or gray legs and feet. Social, often found in urban areas. Distinct chirping and tweeting song. Crow: Large size with glossy black plumage. Their plumage is lustrous and can appear iridescent, particularly when exposed to direct sunlight. Crows have a strong, slightly curved bill, dark eyes, and a squared-off or slightly rounded tail. Their overall look is sleek and elegant, and they are often recognized by their striking black coloration. 4: Do you recognize any of the birds? Where did you spot them? If you do not recognize the birds, where could you find them? I recognize all of them because they are around my house.

Station 3: UFOs Is it a bird, is it a plane…!? Some birds have special, weird, interesting adaptations. 5: Why do you think the birds in front of you have made these adaptations? What would be the pros and cons? Hummingbirds: long beaks for nectar-feeding birds. Pros include efficient nectar extraction; cons may include the need for a high-energy diet to sustain rapid metabolism. Peacocks: colorful plumage in male birds. Pros involve attracting mates; cons could include increased visibility to predators. Station 4: Eggsperiment (get it? experiment but with eggs) DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane) was developed as the first of the modern synthetic insecticides in the 1940s. It was initially used with great effect to combat malaria, typhus, and the other insect-borne human diseases among both military and civilian populations. It also was effective for insect control in crop and livestock production, institutions, homes, and gardens. In the late 1950s and 1960s they began to prohibit the use of DDT because of mounting evidence of the pesticide's declining benefits and environmental and toxicological effects. In 1972, EPA issued a cancellation order for DDT based on its adverse environmental effects, such as those to wildlife, as well as its potential human health risks. Read the quick history of DDT and the declining eagle population www.epa.gov/caddis- vol1/case-ddt-revisiting-impairment A normal egg is strong enough to hold the weight of its mommy and then some. For this experiment you need to: 6: First guess how strong you think an egg is (in kg or pounds) before you will test this. Your guesstimate: 0.8kg kg/lb. Real held weight: 1.6kg kg/lb.

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Have you ever seen or touched an egg without calcium? We used vinegar to dissolve the eggs’ shell. You can compare the effect of vinegar to DDT. DDT makes eggshells thinner. We took it on step further and completely dissolved the outer shell. 7: Hold/touch the egg gently. If you are brave, try bouncing the egg a little by releasing it from 1-2 inches height. Afterwards, describe the feeling and explain what the function of calcium is based on you touching/bouncing the egg. When the eggshell is dissolved in vinegar or when it's thinned due to factors like DDT exposure, the protective barrier is compromised, making the egg more vulnerable to damage, pathogens, and environmental stressors. The eggshell's structural integrity is vital for the egg's survival and the protection of the developing embryo. Station 5: Skulls, Skins, and Skills !!!DO NOT TOUCH!!! For this part you need to only look. No handling the specimen as they once belonged to a real animal. Some of the skulls/bones/furs you see are old…. very very very old! And some are unique meaning we only have this one and it is unreplaceable. If you want, ask your instructor to lift the specimen so you can look at it from a different angle. 8: Connect the right skull number with the correct name. 1. 5. 2. 6. 3. 7. 4. 8. 9: Now that you have matched (hopefully in a correct way) the skulls, can you mix and match the furs with the correct animal? Tip: Think about the function of the fur. Is it to stay warm, insulate, camouflage, stay dry, etc. 1. 4. 2. 5. 3. 6.

10: Now this will get perhaps a bit difficult. Is it a human, monkey, ape, Hominid, etc.? You may handle/touch these skulls as they are all replicas from the original skulls. 1. 5. 2. 6. 3. 7. 4. 8. 11: If you would have to make a guess (incorrect guesses are fine), which skull would you think is the oldest of the bunch? And which is the youngest? How did you come to this conclusion? Station 6: Duck hunt (optional, ask your lab instructor if there is time) Throughout Duncan Hall (floor 3-5) are cases with bird displays. You will become a taxonomist that needs to hunt down the bird and the closest family members using the descriptive hints. Taxonomy is the scientific study of naming, defining and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. It involves the identification, description, nomenclature and classification of organisms, as well as the analysis of their evolutionary relationships and patterns. 12: This bird has happy feet. Stocky, short-legged appearance. Looks cute to lots of people. They range from about 35 cm (14 inches) in height and approximately 1 kg (about 2 pounds) in weight to 115 cm (45 inches) and 25 to 40 kg (55 to 90 pounds). Most are black on the back and white below, often with lines of black across the upper breast or spots of white on the head. Color is rare, being limited to red or yellow irises of the eye; red beaks or feet; yellow brow; and orange and yellow on the head, neck, and breast. Bird common or scientific name: Closest family member that you can find 1: Closest family member that you can find 2: 13: This bird will murder, mob, and horde. Corvidae is a cosmopolitan family of oscine passerine birds. 135 species are included in this family.

Bird common or scientific name: Closest family member that you can find 1: Closest family member that you can find 2: 14: I am a hummmmble little bird. The smallest of them all. Bird common or scientific name: 15: I am California's state bird. Bird common or scientific name 16: “ Mine, mine, mine” . Find me all the members of the gull. 17: In NCIS (a tv show) Dr. Mallard is lovingly called ‘Ducky’ by one of his colleagues. Find me some ducks. Can you also guess which one is the male or female by sight alone? General tip: Work together, find and use recourses (like the lab instructor, lab technician, the internet, place cards, etc.). Talk to each other and discuss your answers to learn and (problem) solve.

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