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Kennesaw State University *

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1108L

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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The evolution of cooperation By: Your amazing LA’s & Professor

Directions: Complete the activity on each slide Unless otherwise noted questions are graded for correctness. You will receive complete credit, half credit, (or in some cases quarter credit) or no credit for each question. You must work effectively as a group and you must follow your group contract 10 points total Only submit 1 per group and ensure that you include the following information Group # 22 Names of contributors and what you contributed: Ashley Santanastasio, Madison, Vanessa Names of any non-contributors (write N/A if everyone contributed): Daniel, Remiyah

Figure Analysis: Interpret the figure to the best of your ability without looking anything up. You must work as a group to discuss this. This is graded for completeness (2 pt - 5 slides) 1. What do all the colors/shapes in this figure represent? In the table, write any key colors and shapes that are not already listed by adding rows where the dash is. Green circles phosphate group Green pentagons 5 carbon sugar Purple shape adenine Blue shape Guanine Pink shape cytosine ____yellow_____ thymine

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2. What do all the letters represent in this figure? a. In figure 2: _nitrogenous bases b. In figure 3:____elements__________ 3. What do the arrows represent in this figure? Going deeper into more detail of the DNA Figure Analysis: Interpret the figure to the best of your ability without looking anything up. You must work as a group to discuss this. This is graded for completeness (2 pt - 5 slides)

4. What is the relationship between parts 1, 2 and 3? They are the same in a way you can just see what goes into it more deeply and what it is made of. 5. Based on this figure what is/are the difference or differences between purines and pyrimidines? 6. Purines are 2 rings fused together, and pyrimidines are 6 member rings. Figure Analysis: Interpret the figure to the best of your ability without looking anything up. You must work as a group to discuss this. This is graded for completeness (2 pt - 5 slides)

6. Which shows a larger portion of the molecule figure 2 or figure 3? Explain. 2. In 2 you see 2 strands whereas in 3 you don’t see both it is one single strand. 7. What is uniquely seen in figure 2 that is not seen in figure 3? What can be seen in figure 3 and not figure 2? In figure 2 you see the complimentary bases interaction but not in three. In three you see every single element and how they are bonding which you can not see in two. Figure Analysis: Interpret the figure to the best of your ability without looking anything up. You must work as a group to discuss this. This is graded for completeness (2 pt - 5 slides)

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8.With your group, summarize this figure in your own words They are all three different figures of DNA, but each one is broken down into a deeper way. First in a double helix. Next in a complimentary chain of the bases, third one is a more in detail representation of a single DNA strand with the chemical elements and how they are being bonded. Figure Analysis: Interpret the figure to the best of your ability without looking anything up. You must work as a group to discuss this. This is graded for completeness (2 pt - 5 slides)

How does this figure related to the content we have covered in class this unit? Be sure to discuss this among your group members (1 point, separate from figure analysis) one of our learning outcomes was analyze and interpret biological figures. In this figure we are doing the same and the figure is being broken down and we can see the different elements and analyze it.

Drag the correct term to each statement. Note you may have to copy and paste the term to use it more than once (1 pts) Food storing animals, store more food in harsh environments, because the cold weather requires consumption of more calories to maintain a stable internal body temperature The color of deciduous leaves bathed in light following a rainstorm is the best color, because human eyes perceive this color in its most full spectrum Sexual selection can result in sexual dimorphism among individuals, since one sex chooses the opposite sex based on certain characteristics If a larger tree falls in the forest, then it will create greater sound pressure, as measured on a decibel meter, than if a smaller tree falls Hypothesis Prediction Neither Terms to Use Hypothesis

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Solve this Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium Problem (1 pt) A large population of laboratory animals has been allowed to breed randomly for a number of generations. After five generations, 75% of the animals display a recessive trait ( aa ), the same percentage as at the beginning of the breeding program. The rest of the animals show the dominant phenotype, with heterozygotes being indistinguishable from the homozygous dominants. Show your work. What proportion of the population is probably homozygous ( AA ) for this trait? Answer: 13.4% p^2+2pq+q^2=1 P^2 + 2p(0.866)+(0.866)^2=1 P^2+1.732p+0.75=1 Given q 2 =0.75, looking for p 2 13.4

Delete the examples of times when it would NOT be appropriate to use Hardy-Weinberg (0.5 point) ● You are testing to see if a population of triploid (i.e., 3 sets of chromosomes) organisms are evolving ● You are tracking a trait caused by a single allele in an isolated diploid population ● You are testing the fitness consequences of a trait seen in an isolated interbreeding population

Solve this Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium Problem (2 pts) ● In a large population of River otters totaling 1500, there are roughly 500 that contain a dark grey coat (dominant), 75 of which are heterozygous. The remaining 1000 have a light brown coat (and light brown alleles are recessive). After 8 generations, the overall population increased to 6000 with about 3250 individuals having heterozygous grey colored coats and 750 individuals have light brown coats. 1. Calculate the original observed genotypes and allele frequencies ? Show your work (1 pt) 2. Calculate the observed recessive allele frequency in the current population ? Show your work (0.5 pts) 3. Is the population evolving (must be accurate based on part 1 and 2) (0.5 pts)

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Using your textbook chapter 21.4 answer the following question about modes of selection (1 point) ● During the industrial revolution soot blackened the white tree trunks that hosted the peppered moth, and soon after the darker black peppered moth started appearing more frequently. What might have caused this, and what mode of selection is this considered? Directional Selection; this could have happened due to the dark soot that changed the color of the tree trunk and the white colored moths got picked off and the black peppered moths adapted well with the darker color and were able to better survive.

Use the components below to align the appropriate figure and legend with the correct mode of selection – use the text chapter 21.4 as needed (1.5 pt) Temporal trends in median escapement day (as a proxy for survival) in sockeye salmon found within 2 Bays in Alaska. Y axis represents days since January 1st The relationship between birthweight and infant mortality in human infants Egg color freqncy in host birds and the cuckoos that parasitize the host nest Disruptive Selection Stabilizing Selection Directional Selection

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