12 Recitation problem set BIOL1101 F2023

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Feb 20, 2024

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BIOL1101 F2023 Recitation Problem set 12 Topic: Genetic analysis Lab section:_________________________ Name(s):_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ We will be using a different format for the problem set this week. The problem set will be available on Sunday December 3 and will be discussed in Recitation, Friday, December 8. We ask that between Sunday and Friday, you spend time to solve these problems yourself. Do take a pencil and a piece of paper and work through them on your own. Genetic analysis problems can be fun, and it is the best way to learn this material! 1. Mendel crossed peas having round green seeds with peas having wrinkled yellow seeds. All F 1 plants had seeds that were round and yellow. Predict the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of offspring from a self cross of F 1 plants (F 1 x F 1 ). 2. In the parental generation, two true breeding lines of corn were used. You cross a short variety of corn, with yellow seeds to a tall variety with white seeds . All of the offspring (F1) are short and have white seeds . You conduct a self cross with these F1 plants (pollen from a plant is used to fertilize the female flowers from the same plant). Please use Y and y, respectively, to refer to the dominant and recessive alleles of the gene controlling seed color and S and s to refer to the dominant and recessive alleles of the gene controlling plant height. A. List all the possible genotypes of the gametes produced by the two parents in the second cross. F1 parent (egg): Pollen parent (sperm): B. What are the expected genotypes of the offspring (and in what ratio) – if these genes are unlinked? 3. Consider the following crosses in Drosophila. Based on the results, indicate which alleles are dominant and give the genotypes of the parents involved in each cross. 1 BIOL1101 F2022 Problem set 11

4. Human blood types are determined by the presence or absence of antigens on the surface of red blood cells. One blood type group is ABO where the alleles are A, B or a null (no antigen) and A and B are codominant alleles and O is recessive (no antigen). Another blood type group is determined by the MN antigens where M and N are codominant alleles. Five human matings (1-5), identified by both maternal and paternal phenotypes for ABO and MN blood-group antigen status are shown on the left side of the following table. Parental Phenotypes Offspring 1 A,M x A,N a A,N 2 B,M x B,M b O,N 3 O,N x B,N c O,MN 4 AB,M x O,N d B,M 5 AB,MN x AB, MN e B,MN Each mating resulted in one of the five offspring shown in the right-hand column (a-e). Match each offspring with one correct set of parents, using each parental set only once. 5. Horses can be cremello (a light cream color), chestnut (a brownish color), or palomino (a golden color with white in the tail and mane). Of these phenotypes only palominos never breed true. Cremello x palomino  ½ cremello and ½ palomino Chestnut x palomino  ½ chestnut and ½ palomino Palomino x palomino  ¼ chestnut, ½ palomino and ¼ cremello A. From the results given above, determine the mode of inheritance by assigning gene symbols and indicating which genotypes yield which phenotypes. B. Predict the F 1 and F 2 results of matings between cremello and chestnut horses. 6. In the following hypothetical pedigree, there are two traits considered. One gene determines if a person is a vampire or not; the other gene determines if a person is a werewolf or not. The two genes sort independently. Study the diagram then answer the questions below. (HINT: Examine each trait separately when working out the genotypes.) A. Is being a vampire due to a dominant or recessive allele? How can you tell? B. Is being a werewolf due to a dominant or recessive allele? How can you tell? 2 BIOL1101 F2022 Problem set 11

C. Give the most likely genotypes for individuals I-2, and II-6. Use D and d for the alleles of the vampire gene and R and r for the alleles of the werewolf gene. Challenge question. 7. In Labrador retrievers, coat color is controlled by two loci each with two alleles, B,b and E,e respec- tively. When pure breeding Black labs with genotype BBEE are crossed with pure breeding yellow labs of genotype bbee the resulting F1 offspring are black . When a test cross is done using the F1 to a double homozygous recessive individual, breeders typically get the following phenotypic ratios: 1 Black lab : 1 Chocolate lab : 2 Yellow lab Explain these results and state the possible genotypes for each of the coat colors. 3 BIOL1101 F2022 Problem set 11

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