EVOLVE CH 34

1. 1. Which statement is true regarding the pulmonary system? A. The left lobe is divided into three lobes. B. Each lobe is divided into bronchi. C. The mediastinum contains the lungs and heart. Incorrect D. The larynx connects the upper and lower airways. Correct The larynx connects the upper and lower airways. The mediastinum contains the heart, great vessels, and esophagus and is located between the two lungs. The right lung has three lobes, and the left lung has two. Each lobe is divided into segments and lobules. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 2. 2. ID: 25066823764 Which statement is true regarding the lower airways? A. The trachea bifurcates at the larynx. Incorrect B. The trachea has no supportive structure. C. The right and left main bronchi enter the lungs at the hila. Correct D. The goblet cells are air-filled cells. The right and left main bronchi enter the lungs at the hila. The trachea bifurcates at the carina. The trachea has U-shaped cartilaginous rings. The goblet cells secrete mucus. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 3. 3. ID: 25066823769 What process describes the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) for oxygen? A. Ventilation Incorrect B. Respiration Correct C. Circulation D. Alveolar ventilation Respiration is the exchange of CO 2 for oxygen. Ventilation is the mechanical movement of gas or air into and out of the lungs and is often misnamed respiration. Circulation refers to the actual blood flow and oxygen delivery. Alveolar ventilation refers to the amount of air delivered to the alveoli. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 4. 4. ID: 25066823774 Which receptor monitors the pH, partial pressure of CO 2 (PaCO 2 ), and the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2 ) in arterial blood? A. Stretch receptors B. Irritant receptors C. J-receptors

D. Central chemoreceptors Correct Central chemoreceptors indirectly monitor arterial blood by sensing changes in the pH of the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). Stretch receptors are located in smooth muscle and are sensitive to increases in the size or volume of the lungs. Irritant receptors are found in the epithelium of conducting airways and are sensitive to noxious aerosols, gases, and particles. J-receptors are located near the capillaries in the alveolar septa and are sensitive to increased capillary pressure. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 5. 5. ID: 25066823779 Which physiologic alteration is present in an individual with emphysema? A. Increased airway resistance B. Increased compliance Correct C. Decreased surfactant D. Increased elastic recoil Emphysema is associated with increased lung compliance and decreased elastic recoil. Airway resistance refers to the opposition to airflow and is determined by the length, radius, and cross-sectional area of the airways. Surfactant affects the surface tension and alveolar ventilation. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 6. 6. ID: 25066823784 Which steps are involved in the process of gas exchange? (Select all that apply.) A. Ventilation Correct B. Pressurization C. Diffusion Correct D. Perfusion Correct Ventilation, diffusion, and perfusion are the three steps involved in gas exchange in the lungs. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 7. 7. ID: 25066823790 Which structures are considered part of the upper airway? (Select all that apply.) A. Nasopharynx Correct B. Larynx C. Oropharynx Correct D. Trachea E. Bronchi