EVOLVE CH 35

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University of Texas, El Paso *

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5319

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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1. 1. Which illness is a type of liquefactive necrosis? A. Diphtheria B. Abscess Correct C. Croup Incorrect D. Epiglottitis An abscess is a circumscribed area of suppuration and destruction of lung parenchyma and is a type of liquefactive necrosis. Abscess formation follows consolidation of lung tissue, in which inflammation causes alveoli to fill with fluid, pus, and microorganisms. Diphtheria causes sore throat and dysphagia. Bilateral swelling of the tonsils is usually involved, with a tenacious membrane covering the mucosa. Diphtheria is not common because of immunization. Croup is caused by a virus and generally produces a barking cough. Generally, bacteria causes epiglottitis with accompanying high fever, drooling, and inspiratory stridor. Epiglottitis is also declining because of immunization. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 2. 2. ID: 25066819826 Which statement is true regarding bronchiolitis? A. Bronchiolitis is most common in adults. Incorrect B. Bronchiolitis is contained . C. Respiratory distress develops within 24–72 hours. Correct D. Bronchiolitis causes lung dilation. In bronchiolitis respiratory distress with severe hypoxia frequently develops within 24–72 hours. Infiltrates can be seen on chest radiographs. Bronchiolitis is diffuse and is more common in children. A decrease in minute ventilation with resulting carbon dioxide retention may occur as lung restriction worsens in bronchiolitis. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 3. 3. ID: 25066819831 What is the appropriate term for inadequate alveolar ventilation in relation to metabolic demands? A. Hyperpnea B. Hypoventilation Correct C. Orthopnea D. Dyspnea Hypoventilation is inadequate ventilation in relation to metabolic demands. Hyperpnea is rapid breathing. Orthopnea is difficulty breathing when an individual is lying flat. Dyspnea is difficulty breathing.

Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 4. 4. ID: 25066819836 A person has respirations that are characterized by alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing and apnea. What is the appropriate term for this breathing? A. Cheyne-Stokes Correct B. Hypoventilation C. Kussmaul D. Hyperpnea Alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing and apnea characterize Cheyne-Stokes respirations. An increased ventilatory rate, large tidal volumes, and no expiratory pause characterize Kussmaul respirations. Hypoventilation is inadequate alveolar ventilation. Hyperpnea is rapid ventilation. Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 5. 5. ID: 25066819841 Which is the most common cause of pulmonary edema? A. Inhalation of toxic gases Incorrect B. Heart disease Correct C. Pulmonary hypertension D. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) The most common cause of pulmonary edema is heart disease. Toxic gas inhalation, pulmonary hypertension, and ARDS are also causes of pulmonary edema but are not as common as pulmonary edema from heart disease. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 6. 6. ID: 25066819846 What is the term used to describe a respiratory infection that results in pus in the pleural space? A. Abscess Incorrect B. Consolidation C. Empyema Correct D. Transudate Empyema is term used to describe the presence of pus in the pleural space and is a complication of respiratory infection. Abscess is a circumscribed area of suppuration and destruction of lung parenchyma. A consolidation is inflamed lung tissue that causes the alveoli to fill with exudate. Transudate is the presence of fluid with low protein content residing in the pleural space. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 7. 7. ID: 25066819851 Which statement is true regarding acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

A. Infection rarely causes ARDS. B. Esophageal injury can cause ARDS. C. ARDS can trigger severe pulmonary edema. Correct D. Macrophages are not involved in the response. The most common cause of ARDS is either sepsis or multiple trauma, which damages the alveolar capillary membrane and results in severe pulmonary edema. Macrophages, neutrophils, complement, and endotoxins are important mediators. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 8. 8. ID: 25066819856 Which statement is true regarding the pathophysiologic process of asthma? A. Inflammation results in airway hyperresponsiveness. Correct B. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the major factor. C. The inflammatory process is due to the loss of bronchial smooth muscle spasm. D. Vascular permeability increases. Increased bronchial smooth muscle spasm and increased vascular permeability cause asthma. Asthma is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)– mediated response. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 9. 9. ID: 25066819861 How is tuberculosis spread from person to person? A. Semen to blood contact B. Air droplet Correct C. Direct contact D. Fecal-oral contact Tuberculosis is extremely contagious and is transmitted via airborne droplets. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 10.10. ID: 25066819866 Which pathogen is commonly associated with a pneumonia that is acquired while in the hospital? A. Streptococcus pneumoniae B. Mycoplasma pneumoniae C. Haemophilus influenzae D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Correct Pseudomonas aeruginosa is commonly acquired in hospitals or nursing homes. All of the other choices are community-acquired pneumonias. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 11.11. ID: 25066819871

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Which term describes a hypersecretion of mucus and chronic productive cough that continues for at least 3 months of the year for a minimum of 2 consecutive years? A. Asthma Incorrect B. Chronic bronchitis Correct C. Emphysema D. Acute respiratory distress syndrome The hypersecretion of mucus with a chronic productive cough that lasts for at least 3 months for a minimum of 2 consecutive years characterizes chronic bronchitis. The mucus is thicker and will adhere to embedded bacteria. This condition is increased up to 20 times in smokers. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 12.12. ID: 25066819876 Which are signs of severe dyspnea? (Select all that apply.) A. Flaring of the nostrils Correct B. Retraction of the intercostal spaces Correct C. Coughing up bloody secretions D. Use of accessory muscles of respiration Correct Sever dyspnea, a subjective sensation of uncomfortable breathing, is characterized by flaring of the nostrils, use of accessory muscles of respiration, and retraction of the intercostal spaces. Hemoptysis is characterized by coughing up blood or bloody secretions. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 13.13. ID: 25066819882 Which statements are true regarding viral pneumonia? (Select all that apply.) A. Viral pneumonia requires treatment with antibiotics. B. Viral pneumonia is usually mild and self-limiting. Correct C. Viral pneumonia can set the stage for a secondary bacterial infection. Correct D. Viral pneumonia is not seasonal. Viral pneumonia can set the stage for a secondary bacterial infection, is seasonal, and is usually mild and self-limiting. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.

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