EVOLVE CH 29

1. Review Questions - Chapter 29 1. 1. ID: 25066826444 Which statement is a description for the term anemia? A. Increased white blood cell size B. Increased erythrocyte number in the circulating blood C. Decreased erythrocytes in the circulating blood Correct D. Decreased circulating platelets Incorrect Anemia is a reduction in the total number of erythrocytes in the circulating blood or a decrease in the quality or quantity of hemoglobin. This option is the only one that accurately describes anemia. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 2. 2. ID: 25066826449 Which characteristic describes macrocytic anemia? A. Small cell size Incorrect B. Decreased cell thickness C. Caused by increased folate D. Presence of megaloblasts Correct The macrocytic anemias are characterized by unusually large stem cells (megaloblasts) in the marrow that mature into unusually large cells (macrocytes) in the circulation. These cells have increased size, thickness, and volume. These anemias are the result of defective erythrocyte deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis, which is commonly caused by deficiencies of vitamin B 12 (cobalamin) or folate (folic acid) or defective coenzymes that are required for nuclear maturation and DNA synthesis. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 3. 3. ID: 25066826454 Regarding pernicious anemia, which is a true statement? A. It is a rare form of megaloblastic anemia. Incorrect B. It is associated with end-stage type A chronic atrophic gastritis. Correct C. It has a viral origin. D. It has a mean age of onset of 6 years. Pernicious anemia is the most common type of megaloblastic anemia and is caused by vitamin B 12 deficiency, which is often associated with the end-stage type A chronic atrophic (congenital or autoimmune) gastritis. It generally occurs in older adults with a mean age of onset of 60 years. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 4. 4. ID: 25066826459

What is the term for a reduction in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets? A. Aplastic anemia Correct B. Hereditary hemochromatosis C. Myelodysplastic syndrome D. Sideroblastic anemia Aplastic anemia occurs with pancytopenia, which is a decrease in all three cell types. Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a common inherited, autosomal recessive disorder of iron metabolism and is characterized by increased gastrointestinal iron absorption with subsequent tissue iron. Myelodysplastic syndrome is a group of disorders that demonstrate hematopoietic stem cell dysfunction. A defect of mitochondrial heme synthesis causes sideroblastic anemia. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 5. 5. ID: 25066826464 Which statement is true regarding posthemorrhagic anemia? A. A healthy person can tolerate a loss of 2000 mL of blood without symptoms. B. Posthemorrhagic anemia is a normocytic-normochromic anemia caused by acute blood loss. Correct C. A common symptom of posthemorrhagic anemia is hypertension. D. Posthemorrhagic anemia is associated with an increase in the venous return. Posthemorrhagic anemia is a normocytic-normochromic anemia caused by acute blood loss. Initial manifestations of this event depend on the severity of the blood loss. When blood loss exceeds 1500 mL, symptoms are apparent, even in a recumbent position. Volume loss reduces mean systemic filling pressure, resulting in decreased venous return and hypotension. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 6. 6. ID: 25066826469 What is the cause of Fanconi anemia? A. Defect in DNA repair Correct B. Defect in mitochondrial mechanisms C. Defect in porphyrin synthesis D. Thymoma Defects in DNA repair cause Fanconi anemia. This anemia develops early in life and occurs most frequently in those with multiple congenital anomalies. Defects in mitochondrial mechanisms are consistent with sideroblastic anemia. Thymoma is associated with pure red cell aplasia. Defects in porphyrin synthesis are associated with microcytic-hypochromic anemia.

C. Increased red cell destruction Correct D. Severe bleeding Correct E. Chronic blood loss Correct Impaired production of erythrocytes, blood loss (both acute or chronic), increased red cell destruction, or any combination of these can cause anemia. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.