Exam 1 Classroom Activities

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Feb 20, 2024

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Neuron Structure: Pre-Test Note: D refers to the small outgrowths
PSYC 220: Action Potential Activity Materials Chart Bag of puzzle pieces Glue stick Instructions 1 Sort the puzzle pieces into the following categories: membrane channel types (4 pieces); voltage-gated sodium channels in various stages (e.g., “open”, 4 pieces); voltage-gated potassium channels in various stages (4 pieces); graphical illustrations of the action potential (4 pieces) On the chart, label each of the three phases on the action potential (Column 1} using the following terms: repolarization, hyperpolarization, depolarization. Different phases of the action potential are dependent on membrane permeability to different ions. Glue the membrane channel types in the appropriate cells of Column 2. Indicate the state of voltage-gated sodium channels at various stages of resting and action potential by gluing the pieces into the appropriate cells of Column 3. Indicate the state of voltage-gated potassium channels at various stages of resting and action potential by gluing the pieces into the appropriate cells of Column 4. In Column 5, describe the electrical condition inside the neuron using the following labels: increasing, decreasing, -70 mV, exceeds -70 mV Each one of the remaining pieces illustrates the graphical representation of the action potential. In each one, the phase of the action potential is emphasized with a bold line. Complete the chart by gluing these pieces into the appropriate cells of Column 6 Answer the following questions: When the membrane is at rest, are the sodium ions more concentrated inside the cell or outside (circle one)? Where are the potassium ions more concentrated? During the rise of the action potential, do sodium ions move into the cell or out of it? Why? What brings the membrane down to the original resting potential?
Membrane potental (mV) Membeane potential (mv) Time (ms) o000 Tove jus) Mermbsane porential (mV) 1 g i . g § 4 € P — £ 2 e p————r—— Teme (ms) A” \'. ] 000 Io.o» NA/K PUMP s NA/K PUMP VOLTAGE GATED SODIUM CHANNEL VOLTAGE GATED POTASSIUM CHANNEL
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STATE OF STATE OF ELECTRICAL MEMBRANE | CHANNELS VOLTAGE-GATED VOLTAGE-GATED CONDITION | REPRESENTATIVE POTENTIAL INVOLVED SODIUM POTASSIUM INSIDE THE ILLUSTRATION CHANNELS CHANNELS CELL Resting Potential Phase 1 = £ | Phase2 ] [«] o c R=] ° < Phase 3 (O h ~
Membrane potential (mV) PSYC 220: Postsynaptic Potentials Activity Match the descriptions on the right to the correct label (A through H) on the figure -40- -50 -60- -70- 5 @ D E Threshold s ® < - THM@ e e Some stimuli result in I~ ~erpolarization which depends on the specific ion channels activated in the cell membrane A small stimulus causes a small denolarization in the cell membrane A stimulus of longer duration causes a longer lasting depolarization, but not of anv greater strength than the previous stimulus . Alarger stimulus that depolarizes above the ~reghold triggers an acton poental in a postsynaptic neuron A larger stmu'us causes more depolanzation Hyperpoaiizing graded notential PSP
PSYC 220: Drug Effects & Mechanisms For each statement below, choose the appropriate drug from the word bank below. o bt 13. 14. Word Bank: marijuana, Ritalin/methylphenidate, morphine, cocaine, opiates, nicotine, alcohol, amphetamines, hallucinogens This drug increases arousal at a very gradual rate. This drug used to be an ingredient in Coca-Cola and blocks reuptake of both dopamine and norepinephrine. The latter contributes to its effects on alertness. This class of drug can be used to reduce pain. This drug can induce a psychotic state which is similar to paranoid schizophrenia by blocking dopamine reuptake. This drug blocks dopamine reuptake and is used to treat individuals with ADHD. Risk of overdose is high with this type of drug because of the high density of receptors in the medulla. This class of drug produces a wave of intense pleasure. This drug has several medical uses including decreasing nausea in cancer patients, stimulating appetites of patients who have difficulty eating, and decreasing the severity of glaucoma. This drug causes feelings of well-being; people feel self-confident, energetic, and talkative. . This class of drug binds to both dopamine and serotonin receptors. . Long-term use of this drug can lead to Korsakoff syndrome, a type of dementia. - Repeated exposure to this drug is associated with decreased activity in the nucleus accumbens, which is important for cognitive processing of motivation, aversion, and reward). Bayer Drug Company marketed this drug as a “super aspirin”. This class of drug can result in synesthesia.
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PSYC 220: Anatomical Directions Correctly label the anatomical directions depicted in the figures below. Each word in the word bank will be used once. Word Bank: superior, lateral, ipsilateral, dorsal, inferior, anterior, ventral, horizontal, posterior, medial, coronal, sagittal, contralateral Identify the plane: T % ) .\\ \ i /. [P oy O /" §\> L T Spe ) N/ (relative to circle in front) Identify the plane: Identify the plane:
PSYC 220: Brain Anatomy & Function Locate and label the following structures: cerebellum, central sulcus, sylvian fissure, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, primary somatosensory cortex, frontal lobe, primary motor cortex SN, & J) 1. John was having surgery to remove a brain tumor. Before removing the tumor, the surgeon used electrical stimulation to test the functioning of regions of john’s cortex. When one region of the cortex was stimulated, John perceived flashes of light. What region was being stimulated? 2. Marcus was extremely short for his age. His doctors concluded the brain was not stimulating the proper release of pituitary hormones necessary for growth. What area of the brain are they probably focusing on? 3. Leslie’s car was broadsided by a truck, causing her head to hit the driver’s side window. Although her ear is OK, her hearing has been negatively impacted. What region was most likely damaged? 4. Karen is blind and depends on Braille to read. Following a stroke, she finds it difficult to distinguish the feel of the Braille symbols. What part of her brain was probably damaged?
10. 11. Justin is celebrating his 215 birthday and his friend’s notice that he is having difficulty walking (e.g., he’s lost his ability to precisely control movement and his balance is impaired). What part of the brain is most likely impacted? Gwen's brain has a congenital anomaly (i.e., she was born with a difference in her brain anatomy). The right and left hemispheres of her brain are not connected. Which structure is missing? Following a head injury, Brett experiences difficulty planning, organizing, and following through with tasks. What lobe was most likely impacted? Stephanie has a brain tumor. The primary changes in her behavior are a decrease in primitive auditory and visual reflexes. Where is her tumor most likely located? Jan suffered a concussion in a car accident. Since the injury, she has noticed a dramatic decrease in libido, lack of appetite, and an absence of thirst. What part of her brain might have been affected? Paul suffered a case of encephalitis (a brain infection) while in college, and the infection damaged parts of his brain. He has been unable to store new episodic memories since his illness. What part of the brain did the encephalitis damage? Julissa Gomez, a young American gymnast, unsuccessfully attempted a difficult vault and slammed headfirst into the vaulting horse. Damage to the spinal cord resulted in paralysis. There was also damage to a proximal structure that plays an important role in arousal. As a result, Julissa lapsed into a coma.
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PSYC 220: Genetics & Punnett Squares e Genotype = an individual’s allele combination e Phenotype = the visible trait that the alleles cause ® Uppercase letters indicate a dominant gene; lowercase letters indicate a recessive gene Example: A gene in peas affects plant height. Different combinations of two alleles (T and t) can make a plant tall or short. In this example, the tall gene is dominant and the short gene is recessive. Genotype (allele combination) Phenotype (visible trait) T tall Tt tall tt short Part 1. A gene in dogs makes their coat furnished or smooth. Fill in the phenotypes below. Genotype Phenotype g A v FF ‘ ® Ff | Furnished (F) Smooth (f) \ ff Note that when you know an individual’s genotype, you can predict its phenotype. But this doesn’t always work in the reverse. For some phenotypes, there is more than one possible genotype.
Part 2. Make a Punnett square for a father with a furnished coat (Ff) and a mother with a furnished coat (Ff). Parent phenotypes Fill in the genotypes and phenotypes X for all possible offspring. Furnished Furnished Parent genotypes: ‘ ‘ ‘ ’ I f I !

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