Case Study 2 Lower GI

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Chamberlain University College of Nursing *

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Case Study 2: Lower GI The lower GI journey begins in the duodenum. Chyme is mixed with digestive enzymes and bile, which helps in further breakdown of nutrients. The chyme then moves into the jejunum, where most of the nutrient absorption, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, takes place. Ihe ileum is where the continued absorption of nutrients occurs, including vitamin B12, bile salts, and any remaining nutrients are. After passing through the small intestine, undigested materials and chyme enter the large intestine through the ileocecal valve. This valve is the dividing line between the small and large intestines. Chyme enters the large intestine at the cecum, a pouch-like structure. From here chyme through the ascending colon. In this part, water and electrolytes are absorbed, and the chyme starts to solidify. Moving across the transverse colon, additional water absorption occurs in this area. Chyme then travels through the descending colon. During this passage, any remaining water is absorbed, and the material begins to resemble feces. The chyme then enters the sigmoid colon. This part of the colon stores feces until time for defecation. Feces are eventually pushed into the rectum which is a place of storage for feces before they are defecated. Finally, the feces exit the body through the anus during defecation. The small intestine is the primary site for the absorption of nutrients. It is also responsible for breaking down larger and complex molecules into simple forms via digestive enzyme action, which are crucial for efficient absorption.

The remaining water and electrolytes are absorbed in the large intestine helping to concentrate and solidify feces. It also houses a diverse population of gut bacteria that ferment undigested carbohydrates and the synthesis vitamin K and some of the B vitamins. Pain from diverticulitis is most common in the lower left quadrant. The peritoneum is a protective barrier that helps shield the abdominal organs from injury, infection, and friction between them. The peritoneal fluid secreted by the peritoneum acts as a lubricant, reducing friction between organs as they move during digestive processes. This fluid also helps in maintaining the position and stability of abdominal organs. References: NIDDK. (n.d.). Diverticular disease . National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/diverticulosis- diverticulitis Saladin, K. S., Gan, C. A., & Cushman, H. N. (2024). Chapter 25 The Digestive System In Anatomy & Physiology: The unity of form and function (pp. 925-973). McGraw Hill LLC.

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