Exam 1)

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Exam 1 BIO 3413 SP23 1. Which of the following statements explains why interstitial fluid is largely protein free? a. we need proteins to remain in the blood. b. proteins are generally too large to pass through the loose junctions of the systemic capillaries. c. proteins create an oncotic pressure which retards the movement of water from the capillaries. d. a and c are correct e. a, b and c are correct 2. If blood pressure decreases, then the concentration of potassium in interstitial fluid would: a. Increase b. Decrease c. Not change d. any of the above changes could occur e. cannot be determined 3. Which of the following correctly describes normal physiological function in living organisms? a. Homeostasis b. Equilibrium c. steady state d. a and c correctly describe e. all correctly describe 4. The concentration of sodium in the interstitial fluid is: a. identical to plasma b. lower than plasma c. largely determined by the concentration in plasma d. independent of the concentration in plasma e. a and c are correct 5. A majority of hormones in the body are: a. peptide hormones b. steroid hormones c. amino acid-derived hormones d. neurohormones e. All of the hormones types are present in almost equal amounts in the body. 6. A condition which impairs the synthesis of secretory vesicles, will have the most marked impact on signalling by: a. Steroid hormones b. Peptide hormones c. Thyroid hormones d. a and c are correct e. a, b and c are correct

Exam 1 BIO 3413 SP23 7. Which of the following structure: synthesis relationships is INCORRECT? a. Adrenal medulla: glucocorticoid b. Adrenal medulla: Epinephrine c. Adrenal cortex: Epinephrine d. a and c are INCORRECT e. All are CORRECT. 8. Steroids are not stored because: a. they are made on demand b. they cannot be stored c. they use cytosolic and nuclear receptors d. a and c are correct e. a, b and c are correct 9. The dominant adrenergic receptor in the smooth muscle of the arterioles is: a. α1 b. α2 c. ß1 d. ß2 e. Cholinergic 10. Each of the following statements concerning peptide hormones is true except one. Identify the exception. a. Peptide hormones are first synthesized as prohormones. b. Prohormones can be activated before their release via post-translational modification. c. Peptide hormones remain in circulation for relatively short periods of time. d. Peptide hormones in the bloodstream are always bound to carrier proteins. e. Peptide hormones interact with receptors on the surface of their target cells. 11. Which of the following signals is secreted directly into the systemic circulation? a. Oxytocin b. TSH c. ADH (vasopressin) d. a and c are correct e. a, b and c are correct. 12. If an enzymatic defect prevents a steroid producing gland from releasing it appropriate steroid end product, then: a. it begins releasing steroids which are intermediates of the appropriate steroid b. it produces new steroid types it could not previously produce c. negative feedback on its steroid production will be lost d. steroid synthesis stops due to negative feedback e. a and c are correct 13. The dominant adrenergic receptor in the smooth muscle of the bronchioles is:

Exam 1 BIO 3413 SP23 a. α1 b. α2 c. ß1 d. ß2 e. Cholinergic 14. The type of steroid produced by any gland is determined by: a. how readily the cells take up cholesterol b. the type of receptors the cell expresses c. the type of enzymes the cells express d. a and c are correct e. a, b and c are correct 15. Bipotential gonads develop into testes under the influence of: a. testes determining factor b. androgens c. a peptide/protein hormone d. a and c are correct e. a, b and c are correct 16. Let us assume, sodium passively moves from the outside of a cell to the inside of the cell. From these observations we can conclude: a. there is an inwardly directed concentration gradient for sodium b. a protein transporter using ATP likely moves sodium from the outside to the inside of the cell. c. a pore exists through which sodium can move d. a and c are correct e. a, b and c are correct 17. Menstruation is triggered by a: a. increase in the level(s) Estrogen b. decrease in the level(s) Progesterone c. decrease in the level(s) LH d. increase in the level(s) GnRH e. a and c are correct 18. When the testis does not produce anti-Müllerian hormone, a. There is a failure in glycoprotein synthesis b. the Müllerian ducts fail to develop c. the upper portion of the vagina will be present regardless of genetic sex d. a and c are correct e. all are correct 19. Which of the following would you not observe in the absence of human placental lactogen?

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Exam 1 BIO 3413 SP23 a. adequate growth in the baby b. contraction of the smooth muscle in the uterus during birth. c. release of breast milk. d. the corpus luteum after fertilization. e. loosening the ligaments in the pelvic bone before birth. 20. The surge in LH that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle: a. reflects positive feedback of estrogen b. initiates follicular maturation for the next cycle c. triggers ovulation d. a and c are correct e. a, b and c are correct 21. The product of the SRY gene is: a. testosterone b. anti-Müllerian hormone c. dihydrotestosterone d. 5-α reductase e. testis-determining factor 22. The majority of ATP is generated via: a. oxidative phosphorylation b. glycolysis c. ketonization d. citric acid/Krebs cycle e. beta-oxidation 23. Impairment of function of chief cells would decrease: a. pepsinogen b. gastrin c. mucus d. hydrochloric acid e. All of the above 24. Impairment of function of G cells would decrease: a. pepsinogen b. gastrin c. mucus d. hydrochloric acid e. All of the above 25. The principle neural input to the digestive system is: a. Parasympathetic b. Sympathetic c. From the Vagus/CN X nerve d. a and c are correct e. all are correct

Exam 1 BIO 3413 SP23 26. The adrenal medulla responds to __________ with the release of ___________. a. epinephrine, androgens b. acetylcholine , glucocorticoids c. norepinephrine, mineralocorticoids d. acetylcholine , catecholamines e. epinephrine, corticosteroids 27. Which of the following statements regarding cell surface receptors is CORRECT: a. the addition of carbohydrates to amino acids of the receptors are important for ligand-receptor recognition. b. amino acids which make up cell surface proteins are almost exclusively hydrophobic. c. amino acids which make up cell surface receptors must be linked to intracellular signalling mechanisms (e.g. changes in cAMP). d. a and c are correct e. all are correct 28. Which of the following relationships regarding hormonal control of calcium is CORRECT: a. calcitonin: inhibit bone breakdown b. parathyroid hormone: release calcium from bones c. calcitriol: increase calcium uptake d. a and c are correct e. all are correct 29. The most important role of the glycolysis is generating: a. ATP b. Keeping blood glucose low c. Generating reducing equivalents d. a and c are correct e. a, b and c are correct 30. Which of the following relationships regarding hormonal control of the menstrual cycle is INCORRECT: a. estradiol: endometrium development b. progesterone: causes endometrial loss/menses c. estradiol: stimulate preovulatory GnRH surge d. GnRH surge: stimulate LH surge e. all are correct 31. Which of the following is NOT an action of oxytocin: a. Stimulate contraction of the uterus during birth b. Stimulate breast gland development c. Stimulate contraction of myoepithelial cells of the breast ducts d. a and c are correct e. a, b and c are correct 32. If blood pressure decreases, then the amount of sodium in interstitial fluid would: a. Increase

Exam 1 BIO 3413 SP23 b. Decrease c. Not change d. any of the above changes could occur e. cannot be determined 33. If a ligand circulates bound to a carrier protein in the blood which of the following is LEAST LIKELY to be correct? a. the structure of the ligand is similar to cholesterol b. the ligand will bind cell surface receptors c. the ligand depends on liver function d. the ligand increases second messenger signalling e. a, b and c are equally unlikely 34. The principle site of digestion of most components of our diet is: a. Mouth b. Stomach c. Small intestine d. Large intestine e. Colon 35. Sensory feedback via the enteric nervous system in the gut occurs involves: a. Presence of amino acids b. H+ on D cells c. H+ on Chief cells d. a and c are correct e. a, b and c are correct 36. Which of the following hormones facilitates nutrient absorption: a. Gastrin b. CCK c. GIP d. Secretin e. VIP 37. The process of disassembling fatty acids into two-carbon units inside mitochondria is called: a. oxidative phosphorylation b. glycolysis c. ketonization d. citric acid/Krebs cycle e. beta-oxidation 38. The major mechanism of glucose movement from the interstitial fluid into the cells is: a. Active transport b. Passive diffusion c. Facilitated diffusion d. A and c are correct e. Glucose moves from the blood into cells not from the interstitial fluid into cells. 39. The anterior pituitary hormone under both positive and negative control by the hypothalamus is: a. FSH

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Exam 1 BIO 3413 SP23 b. PRL c. LH d. ACTH e. GH 40. The anterior pituitary hormone under negative control by the hypothalamus is: a. FSH b. PRL c. LH d. ACTH e. GH 41. Which of the following is NOT an example of a catecholamine: a. Epinephrine b. Norepinephrine c. Dopamine d. Thyroxine e. All of the above are catecholamines. 42. The dominant adrenergic receptor in the heart is: a. α1 b. α2 c. ß1 d. ß2 e. Cholinergic 43. The conversion of testosterone to estrogen is performed by: a. 5- α reductase b. 21- ß hydroxylase c. aromatase d. Aldosterone synthase e. Cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme 44. The rate-limiting enzyme for steroid synthesis is: a. 5- α reductase b. 21- ß hydroxylase c. 11- ß hydroxylase d. Aldosterone synthase e. Cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme 45. The conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone is performed by: a. 5-α reductase b. 21- ß hydroxylase c. 11- ß hydroxylase d. Aldosterone synthase e. Cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme

Exam 1 BIO 3413 SP23 46. Which of the following regarding male and female gametes is INCORRECT: a. Volume of cytoplasm is larger in the female than male b. Gametes are made throughout life in male but not in females c. Both male and female gametes are surrounded by the classic cell membrane d. Both female and male gametes contain all the predictable cell organelles e. All of the above statements are correct. 47. The largest portion of our body volume is: a. Intracellular fluid b. Plasma c. Interstitial fluid d. Extracellular fluid e. Fluid within the GI tract 48. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT: a. The intracellular and extracellular fluid are in osmotic equilibrium. b. The most variable component of the intracellular fluid is organic products of metabolism. c. Plasma membranes are largely impermeable to water. d. a and c are both INCORRECT e. a, b and c are all CORRECT 49. The highest concentration of potassium is localized to a. Intracellular fluid b. Plasma c. Interstitial fluid d. Extracellular fluid e. a and c have equal potassium concentrations

Exam 1)

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