BIOS256 Lab Week 3

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Chamberlain University College of Nursing *

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Feb 20, 2024

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BIOS256 OL, Week 3 Lab Name: Paola Rodriguez OL Lab 3: Cellular Respiration: Measuring energy consumption during exercise Learning Objectives :  Explain the structural changes of glucose and ATP during glycolysis  Analyze blood glucose and lactic acid concentrations of athletes before and after exercise  Determine electron carrier products of the Krebs cycle  Understand the role of the electron transport chain in generating ATP  Experiment on oxygen consumption in mice at various exercise intensities Cellular respiration is a multistep process by which the cells create energy in the form of ATP to drive its cellular activities. In this simulation, you will learn the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration by studying glucose metabolism. You will explore the three stages of cellular respiration: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. In this simulation, you will use a mouse model to understand the cellular respiration of basketball players. The experimental exercise data collected from the mouse model and respirometry will be compared to the blood glucose and lactic acid concentrations of the basketball players throughout the game. You will also, be able to explore the cellular processes that occur within the mitochondria and how it contributes to ATP generation. Are you ready to apply your knowledge on glycolysis, the Kreb’s cycle, and the electron transport chain to help basketball players perform their best during the game? Part 1: Complete Labster- Cellular Respiration: Measuring energy consumption during exercise Part 2: Report and Reflection Purpose: Describe in your own words and in complete sentences, the purpose of this experiment. The goal of this experiment was to look at athletes' blood sugar and lactic acid levels before and after a workout. It also helped us understand how a cell, its mitochondria, and its cellular respiration work together. We also looked at the difference between anaerobic and aerobic cellular respiration. We also wanted to understand how glycolysis works, how the Krebs cycle works, and how the electron transport chain works to make ATP. Finally, we looked at how oxygen consumption goes up or down at different levels. Observations: List 2 observations you have made in this simulation. Two observations I made during this simulation was that Carbs are the primary source of energy. When you work out too much, your body starts to make too much lactic acid, which is caused by anaerobic breathing.

BIOS256 OL, Week 3 Lab Name: Paola Rodriguez Answer all the questions below: 1. Why does lactic acid build up in muscles during exercise? (2 points) This is the result of the breakdown of glucose for energy by the body. This is achieved through the utilization of oxygen and through physical activity. When the necessary amount of oxygen is not available, the formation of lactic acid occurs. Conversely, when there is insufficient oxygen, lactate is converted into energy. 2. How is glucose stored in skeletal muscles? Why cannot glucose be released from skeletal muscles to maintain blood glues concentration? (2 points) Skeletal muscles contain glucose, which is stored in the form of glycogen. However, skeletal muscles are unable to release glucose due to a deficiency in glycogen synthase, a process that facilitates the release of glucose. This renders the muscle unable to perform this activity. 3. What is the difference between anaerobic respiration and fermentation? The process of anaerobes is the production of energy from glucose without the presence of oxygen. The process of fermentation is the utilization of enzymes to obtain energy from carbohydrates. 4. Consumption of certain low fat food that contains high amount of sugar can lead to increased fat deposition in the body. Why? (2 points) Excess sugar leads to weight gain. It also disrupts lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. This usually means that fats are not able to be broken down as energy. Fat is typically stored because it is considered "excess" due to the inability of the body to function due to high sugar levels. 5. What is the relationship between metabolic rate and body temperature? (2 points) Metabolic rate results in an increase in body temperature. When cells utilize more oxygen to generate ATP, they expend more heart energy, resulting in an increase in temperature. 6. Reflection: Reflect on at least 2 key concepts you have learned from this simulation. How can you apply it to the physiological processes in the body? Cellular respiration takes place when there is oxygen present. When there is no oxygen present, aerobic respiration takes place. Anaerobic (or anaerobic) respiration occurs when there is no oxygen available. However, this is not the most preferred form of respiration. Glucose is partially metabolized to lactic acid, rather than being metabolized to water and CO2. As a result, there is less energy available to the body. The effect on the body is the formation of lactic acid, which results from increased respiration and a higher heart rate. Drinking a sports drink helps keep glucose levels high, which helps in the generation of energy.

BIOS256 OL, Week 3 Lab Name: Paola Rodriguez Grading Rubric: Activity Deliverable Points Part 1 Complete simulation 15 Part 2 Complete lab report and answer questions  Purpose (1 point)  Observation (2 points)  Questions (10 points)  Reflection (2 points) 15 Total Complete all lab activities 30

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