B1001 Lab 4

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1001

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Feb 20, 2024

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Lab 4 Environment in the Media BIOL 1001 Fall 2023 Laboratory 4: Environment in the Media Learning Objectives • Identify different forms of scientific literature ( e.g. primary, secondary). • Use library resources to find scientific literature, and know where to go for library help. • Locate information (including media articles) relating to specific environmental issues. • Use primary literature to help critically analyze non-peer-reviewed material. • Demonstrate understanding of various aspects of ethics as related to scientific practices. • Explain plagiarism, and know when and how to put information in your own words. • Cite references correctly and prepare a “Reference” section for a lab report. Prior to Attending Your Lab • Determine the day and location of your in-person lab session. Your lab session will take place during your scheduled lab period in the week of Oct 30 - Nov 3. The day and location are posted in the Detailed schedule for in-person lab exercises document on the lab eClass site. • Print a hard copy of this lab handout . You will hand in the completed pre-lab portion (pages 1-4) at the start of your in-person lab session. During the lab you will complete the remaining portion and show your work to your TA. • Read 1) all of this handout, 2) the example newspaper article in the Lab 4 section on eClass, and 3) the Library’s SPARK website on Academic integrity, sections 1, 2 and 5: https://spark.library.yorku.ca/academic-integrity-what-is-academic-integrity/ • Watch the two tutorial videos (on types of literature in science, and using Web of Science to find primary sources) in the Lab 4 section on eClass. • Complete the Lab 4 pre-lab quiz on the Lab eClass site. This quiz addresses material from all the sources listed above and must be completed before your scheduled lab. Failing to do so will render a grade of zero. • Complete the pre-lab assignment , pages 1-4 of this handout. What to bring to your lab session • Your mobile device. A laptop is recommended, but a smartphone is sufficient. • Your hard copy of this lab handout. • Writing materials (pen/pencil). • Reminder: food and drink are NOT permitted in computer labs ( Lab Polices doc, p. 7). Pre-Lab Scientific Literature Every day, you likely encounter a number of sources of scientific information. You may see newspaper or magazine articles, or hear news stories on TV or the radio. Your professors communicate scientific information with you and your fellow students. You may also find information on various websites. One of the major activities for scientists involves communicating scientific information. This takes different forms, depending on the audience. In the scientific community, new findings (or interpretations) are published in peer-reviewed journals that specialize in particular fields of study (these may also be communicated at conferences, through presentations or posters seen

BIOL 1001 Fall 2023 Lab 4 — Environment in the Media 2 by other interested scientists.) Scientists communicate less formally with their peers in departments and with their graduate or honours students. Scientists who teach also communicate with students in the classroom or lab setting. Reporters may also consult with scientists, which results in information being communicated through mass media. You will sometimes need to search for appropriate sources of scientific information. In most of your science courses, you will be expected to find, read and cite primary literature sources as the major sources for statements in your essays and formal lab report introductions and discussions. Primary literature includes journal articles (usually peer-reviewed), conference papers and theses that report original data , such as experimental results or observations, that have not been previously published. Primary articles are often organized like a lab report, with introduction, methods, results and discussion sections (or some variation of that theme). They tend to be aimed at specialists in a field and often contain jargon. Secondary literature sources summarize or interpret primary sources and include a wide range of materials from review articles in journals to newspaper and other media articles. They may provide a summary of what is known in a particular area, organizing, synthesizing, and critically evaluating a large number of articles on a topic; or (as in a news article) they may focus on one particular study. Secondary literature is usually aimed at a wider audience and uses more standard language. It can be very useful when gathering information on a topic, but you will usually need to find and read primary articles when you are preparing your own written work. Plagiarism The following is taken directly from the York University Senate Policy on Academic Honesty http://www.yorku.ca/academicintegrity/ “Plagiarism is the misappropriation of the work of another by representing another person’s ideas, writing or other intellectual property as one’s own. This includes the presentation of all or part of another person’s work as something one has written, paraphrasing another’s writing without proper acknowledgement, or representing another’s artistic or technical work or creation as one’s own . Any use of the work of others, whether published, unpublished or posted electronically, attributed or anonymous, must include proper acknowledgement.” ◤ Plagiarism is considered a very serious offense in the university environment; why? (1 mark) ▶ Which of the following is/are considered plagiarism? Circle all that apply. (1mark) A. A lab report containing only one paragraph that is copied word for word from an Internet site. B. A lab report containing two paragraphs copied directly from a primary resource. C. A lab report that has a few words altered in a paragraph, or sentences presented in reverse order, but is almost identical to a paragraph found in a tertiary resource. Information not referenced. D. A lab report that is extremely similar to that of student who took the course 3 years ago. E. A lab report that presents data found on the Internet (not collected by the author).

BIOL 1001 Fall 2023 Lab 4 — Environment in the Media 3 There are thousands of environmental/conservation issues currently occurring in Canada that are of great interest and concern to people who live here. Examples of such issues include, but are definitely not limited to: • Wind turbines/farms and birds and/or bats … • Carbon emissions and air quality, temperature changes, weather patterns … • Alberta oil sands and air or water quality … • Pulp and paper industry and water quality and aquatic organism ( e.g. fish) health … • Declining numbers of frogs, bees, songbirds … • Highway runoff ( e.g . road salt) and plants, groundwater, soil, aquatic invertebrates … • Invasive species including the Asian long-horned beetle, emerald ash borer, round goby … • Ice-sheets and polar bear survival … For this lab, you will choose two Canadian-related environmental/conservation topics that are of interest to you. Make sure your topics are very specific and not too general. If you need help coming up with a topic, look at the list above or the topics in the Government websites on p. 17. Topic One (total 3 marks) ◤ A) What is your Canadian environmental topic of interest? (Be specific) (1 mark) ◤ B) De scribe why you are interested in this topic. (“I think it sounds cool” is not adequate) (1 mark) ◤ C) Brainstorming: Before you look anything up, outline what you currently know about this topic ( i.e. in terms of issues). Accuracy of information is not important. (1 mark)

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BIOL 1001 Fall 2023 Lab 4 — Environment in the Media 4 Topic Two (3 marks) ◤ A) What is your Canadian environmental topic of interest? (Be specific) (1 mark) ◤ B) Outline/describe why you are in terested in this topic. (“I am super passionate about this topic” does not answer the question.) (1 mark) ◤ C) Brainstorming: Before you look anything up, outline/describe what you currently know about this topic ( i.e. in terms of issues). Accuracy of information is not important. (1 mark) --------------------------------------------------END OF PRE-LAB--------------------------------------------------

BIOL 1001 Fall 2023 Lab 4 — Environment in the Media 5 Locating Media Articles Through the York Library System students have access to many media releases including those from several daily newspapers from across Canada. Available newspapers include the Calgary Herald, Edmonton Journal, Globe & Mail, Halifax Daily News, Montreal Gazette, National Post, Ottawa Citizen, Toronto Star, Vancouver Sun and Winnipeg Free Press. Canadian newspaper articles can be located using a ProQuest search engine and the “News - Canadian Newsstand” database. Search terms (keywords) and Boolean language ( e.g. and, or) are used for searches. ◤ Your task is to locate one useful and relevant newspaper article related to Topic One and one useful and relevant newspaper article related to Topic Two. Both articles must have been published within the last two years, i.e. no earlier than Oct 1 2021 . What do we mean by “useful and relevant”? The article mu st inform the reader about the topic and make reference to other related material ( e.g. to an expert, a meeting, book, research paper...) or be reporting on a related event that occurred. The article should not be just a financial report or strictly the au thor’s opinion. You may need to locate and read several newspaper articles before finding one that matches the above parameters. See the Lab eClass site for an example of an appropriate article. Note: you cannot choose the example article. If you cannot find an appropriate article for your chosen topics, pick another Canadian environmental topic(s). ◤ List at least three keywords you will you use in your searches. See your Brainstorming above for ideas. Topic One Topic Two

BIOL 1001 Fall 2023 Lab 4 — Environment in the Media 6 The Newspaper Database 1. Go to the library website http://www.library.yorku.ca/web/ 2. Go to “Research Guides” 3. Below the welcome message select “ALL GUIDES”, then scroll down and select “Newspapers”. 4. Click on “Canada”. 5. Click on “Canadian Major Dailies”. If you are using your own device, you’ll need to log in using your Passport York credentials. 6. This will bring you to the ProQuest page. Enter in your first keyword(s). Select “Newspapers” for source type. Under “Publication date” select “after this date” and enter October 1, 2021. You may need to modify your keyword search to locate appropriate articles. ▶ For each of your topics, write out the full citation of the chosen newspaper article. Use the following CSE format: • Author. Article title. Newspaper title. Date; Section ▷ Example: Van Ingen B. A silent summer without sightings of larks and bobolinks. The Ottawa Citizen. 2011 July 9; Sect. B:5 ▷ Example: [Anonymous]. Province moves to contain spread of aggressive species Rusty crayfish. Winnipeg Free Press. 2008 Sept 15; Sect A:5 Topic One – Newspaper Article (1 mark) ▶ Download and save a copy of the article. Topic Two – Newspaper Article (1 mark) ▶ Download and save a copy of the article. Paraphrasing, writing information in your own words (avoiding plagiarism) One of the skills that you will develop, and will need, is the ability to put information into your own words, to paraphrase. Direct quotations are rarely used in science – avoid using them under most circumstances.

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BIOL 1001 Fall 2023 Lab 4 — Environment in the Media 7 Paraphrasing is more than changing a few words in a sentence, it’s your own way of presenting the information. Effective paraphrasing requires that you understand the information very well. When you are trying to paraphrase something, it is suggested that you: 1. Begin by making handwritten notes of the information after reading the source(s). Notes should be in your own words (your own understanding), never directly copy . 2. Do not ever copy and paste material directly from a source, even if you think you will be able to put it in your own words later. 3. Never work directly from the reference source when writing your report. Consult only your personal notes on the article. Learning More About Referencing - Giving Credit to Sources When you prepare written works ( e.g. assignments, lab reports), be sure to acknowledge any information (results, theories, ideas) that you have gained from the scientific community and presented in your report (in a paraphrased format). The source of your information is included with the presented material. • For BIOL 1001, CSE style is used. This is the same style used in BIOL 1000 assignments. Citing Your Sources in the main text of your report (In-text Citations) The sources of the information you are writing about, unless considered very common public knowledge or from your own results, must be cited in the text of your report. Each reference you use must be cited using the surnames of the authors, and the year of publication (CSE Name-Year System). • If there is one author , list his/her last name with the year — ( e.g. Gage 2004). • If there are two authors , list both authors and year — ( e.g. Simons and Johnston 2000). • If there are more than two authors , the citation should provide the name of the first author followed by et al. (Latin for “and others”) and the date — ( e.g. Eppelmann et al . 1991). How the citation is presented in text can vary depending on the sentence structure. Here are two examples for the same material. Note the authors’ last name(s) and date of publication are presented in both situations. Example 1: The peptide’s ability to increase EJP amplitude requires calcium/calmoudulin - dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) (Dunn and Mercier 2005). Example 2: Dunn and Mercier (2005) found that the peptide’s ability to increas e EJP amplitude requires calcium/calmoudulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII). Note: Be sure to include the citation for a particular topic/idea in the sentence where the information from that literary source is presented. Do not wait until the end of a paragraph to cite your sources, unless it very obvious that these sentences are relating to the same source.

BIOL 1001 Fall 2023 Lab 4 — Environment in the Media 8 Read Both Articles and Make Notes You will be using these notes to help you summarize the topic and newspaper article both verbally, to a classmate, and in a written format, as a component of a homework assignment. This means that you need to make sure that the notes are detailed and make sense to you. Remember that these notes must be written in your own words; do not copy word-for-word from the article. (3 marks) Topic One: ◤ Read the article associated with Topic One, and make notes in your own words. (1 mark)

BIOL 1001 Fall 2023 Lab 4 — Environment in the Media 9 ◤ In one sentence write what the “take - home” message(s) of the article is/are; i.e. if you were going to remember one or two major things about the article, what would it/they be? (1 mark) ◤ What is one question, pertaining to the topic, which comes to mind when reading the article? (1 mark) (3 marks) Topic Two: ◤ Read the article associated with Topic Two, and make notes in your own words. (1 mark) The Fraser River is the most populated in Salmon/sturgeon and 30 other species of ash , making it the most endungered river in British Columbia . When will the Department of fisheries and Oceans respond or take actions ! Bees Play a critical part In our daily lives because they are pollinators which spread pollin from one plant to another in order to create new seeds for the plants to grow . Major 4 "P , are "Pesticides ~ Pathogens . " Parasites , "Poor Nutrition Main reasons for decline of the bees . Pesticides are used to take off insects that eat out our crops , but by doing so , they also wipe out the bees needed to pollinate · We can all contribute to Saving the bees by eliminating Pesticide use , eco-friendly steps and spread climate change awareness .

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BIOL 1001 Fall 2023 Lab 4 — Environment in the Media 10 ◤ In one sentence write what the “take - home” message(s) of the article is/are? i.e. if you were going to remember one or two major things about the article, what would it/they be? (1 mark) ◤ What is one question, pertaining to the topic, which comes to mind when reading the article? (1 mark) Bees and pollinators are beneficial for crop and plant growth , therefore reducing harmful pesticides that kills these species , is a step we should all take. Is there a non-harmful pesticide that keeps the unwanted insects away wo killing pollinators ?

B1001 Lab 4

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